Fig. 3

Sex-specific hypothalamic metabolic signatures of male and female mice with LPS-evoked depressive-like behavior. A–E Hypothalamic metabolic signatures of saline-treated male and female controls. A Comprehensive biochemical classification of all identified differential metabolites (DMs) was clustered and visualized as a pie chart. B Lipid subgroups and lipid molecule counts according to the annotated lipid classifications of the LIPID MAPS and HMDB databases. C–E Levels of lipid metabolites belonging to glycerophospholipids (C), fatty acyls (D), sterol lipids, and sphingolipids (E) in CON-Male mice relative to CON-Female mice. F–J Hypothalamic metabolic signatures in saline- and LPS-treated male mice. F Pie chart depicting the biochemical classification of all DMs. G Lipid subgroups and lipid molecule counts based on LIPID MAPS and HMDB annotations. H–J Glycerophospholipids (H), fatty acyls (I), sterol lipids, and sphingolipids (J) levels in the LPS-Male group compared to the CON-Male group. K–N Hypothalamic metabolic signatures in saline- and LPS-treated female mice. K Biochemical classification of all DMs. L Lipid subgroups and lipid molecule counts. M, N Glycerophospholipids (M), fatty acyls, sterol lipids and sphingolipids (N) in the LPS-Female vs. CON-Female. Fold changes in the lipids are expressed as z-scores; a positive value indicates a higher level, whereas a negative value indicates a lower concentration in each group compared to the corresponding control group. LPA lysophosphatidic acid, PA phosphatidic acid, LPC lysophosphatidylcholine, PC phosphatidylcholine, LPE lysophosphatidylethanolamine, PE phosphatidylethanolamine, LPG lysophosphatidylglycerol, PG phosphatidylglycerol, LPI lysophosphatidylinositol, PI phosphatidylinositol, LyPS lysophosphatidylserine, PS phosphatidylserine, FA fatty acyls; sterol lipids, ST; and SP sphingolipids