Fig. 1

FTD–GRN patients-derived plasma and iMGs show reduced PGRN levels. A Human PGRN levels in FTD–GRN patients’ plasma vs. controls (n = 3) measured by ELISA, mean ± SEM; *p < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test). B Western blot of PGRN in iMGs cell lysates, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as loading control. C Quantified PGRN protein normalized to controls (n = 3), mean ± SEM; ***p < 0.001 (one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test). D qPCR of GRN mRNA in FTD–GRN vs. control iMGs, normalized to control, mean ± SEM; ****p < 0.0001 (one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test). E Secreted PGRN in conditioned media (CM) of FTD–GRN vs. control iMGs by ELISA, mean ± SEM; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. F. NfL levels in CSF of FTD–GRN patients vs. controls (n = 3), one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test. G Soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) in CSF of FTD–GRN vs. controls (n = 3), mean ± SEM; *p < 0.05, ****p < 0.0001 (one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test)