Fig. 5

Patient-derived iMGs carrying GRN variants induce aberrant lipid droplet formation. A Fluorescence images of BODIPY (lipid droplets, green) and IBA1 (microglia, red) in FTD–GRN iMGs vs. controls; DAPI-stained nuclei. Scale, 10 µm. B Percentage of BODIPY⁺ IBA1⁺ cells quantified, 50 + cells/experiment, 3 experiments; mean ± SEM, ****p < 0.0001 (one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test). C BODIPY intensity/cell, 50 + cells/experiment, 3 experiments; mean ± SEM, ****p < 0.0001 (one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test). D Relative mRNA of Perilipin 3 (PLIN3) in FTD–GRN vs. control iMGs, normalized to control; mean ± SEM, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001. E BODIPY in BV2 cells post-siRNA GRN knockdown, with/without 1 μg/ml C1q for 24 h; DAPI nuclei. Scale, 10 µm. F, G Percentage of BODIPY⁺ cells (F) and average lipid droplet size (G) in condition (E), 50 + cells/condition, 3 experiments; mean ± SEM, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001 (Student’s t test)