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Cognitive deficits and microstructural brain abnormalities are well documented in HIV-positive individuals (HIV+). This study evaluated whether chronic marijuana (MJ) use contributes to additional cognitive de...
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), a state of sleep disorder, is characterized by repetitive apnea, chronic hypoxia, oxygen desaturation, and hypercapnia. Previous studies have revealed that intermittent...
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most common animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), a neuroinflammatory and demyelinating disease characterized by multifocal perivascular infiltrates of...
Neuronal damage in acute CNS injuries and chronic neurodegenerative diseases is invariably accompanied by an astrocyte reaction in both mice and humans. However, whether and how the nature of the CNS insult—ac...
HIV-1 infection remains a major public health concern despite effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). The virus enters the central nervous system (CNS) early in infection and continues to cause HI...
Neuropathic pain is related to the sustained activation of neuroglial cells and the production of proinflammatory cytokines in the spinal dorsal horn. However, the clinical efficacy of currently available trea...
The presence of foamy macrophages and microglia containing intracellular myelin remnants is a pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite the importance of mye...
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is typified by the cerebrovascular deposition of amyloid. The mechanisms underlying the contribution of CAA to neurodegeneration are not currently understood. Although CAA is ...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide; however, treatment development is hindered by the heterogenous nature of TBI presentation and pathophysiology. In...
Cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, are the most common cause of death globally. Recent studies support a high degree of comorbidity between heart failure and cognitive and mood disorders resulti...
The Correction to this article has been published in Journal of Neuroinflammation 2020 17:348
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are potent inhibitors of axonal regrowth and remyelination. More recently, they have also been highlighted as a modulator of macrophage infiltration into the central n...
Brain injury is the leading cause of death and disability in survivors of cardiac arrest, where neuroinflammation is believed to play a pivotal role, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Pyroptosis is...
Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is a component derived from minimal peptidoglycan motif from bacteria, and it is a ligand for the NOD2 receptor. Peripheral administration of MDP converts Ly6Chigh into Ly6Clow monocytes. ...
Microglia, the principal sentinel immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), play an extensively vital role in neuroinflammation and perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND). Histamine, a potent med...
Optomotor response is increasingly used in preclinical research for evaluating the visual function in rodents. However, the most suitable measuring protocol for specific scientific questions is not always esta...
High inflammation status despite an absence of known infection characterizes a subpopulation of people with schizophrenia who suffer from more severe cognitive deficits, less cortical grey matter, and worse ne...
α-Synuclein (α-syn) is a pre-synaptic protein which progressively accumulates in neuronal and non-neuronal cells in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB),...
An association between neuroinflammation and age-related neurologic disorders has been established but the molecular mechanisms and cell types involved have not been thoroughly characterized. Activity of the p...
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are known to be associated with an inflammatory process related to immune system dysfunction. This study’s aim was to investigate the role of cell-free DNA in chronic inflammato...
Activated astrocytes play important roles in chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP). Recent studies have shown reactive astrocytes are classified into A1 and A2 phenotypes, but their precise roles in CPSP remain un...
Excessive microglial activation is implicated in the pathogenesis of various age-related neurodegenerative diseases. In addition to neurons, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor TrkB are a...
Microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation is a major contributor to early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). MicroRNA-124 (miR-124) is the most abundant miRNAs in the central nervou...
P301S tau transgenic mice show age-dependent accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles in the brainstem, hippocampus, and neocortex, leading to neuronal loss and cognitive deterioration. However, there is hither...
Clinical and animal studies show that alcohol consumption during pregnancy produces lasting behavioral disturbances in offspring, including increased alcohol drinking, which are linked to inflammation in the b...
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) caused by JC virus (JCV) is a rare but serious complication of some disease-modifying drugs used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS). Japanese MS patients treated ...
Persistent inflammation dysregulation and cognitive decline have been associated with several trauma- and stress-related disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety disorder. Despite the...
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a receptor mainly expressed on the surface of microglia. It mediates multiple pathophysiological processes in various diseases. Recently, TREM2 has b...
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
The original article was published in Journal of Neuroinflammation 2020 17:46
Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers the primary mechanical injury and secondary inflammation-mediated injury. Neuroinflammation-mediated insult causes secondary and extensive neurological damage after SCI. Micro...
Recent clinical and basic research implicated a strong correlation between NAFLD/NASH phenotypes with ectopic manifestations including neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, but the mediators and critical pa...
Astrocytes are crucial regulators in the central nervous system. Abnormal activation of astrocytes contributes to some behavior deficits. However, mechanisms underlying the effects remain unclear. Here, we stu...
Research on the brain-gut-microbiota axis has led to accumulating interest in gut microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal barrier dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our previous studies have demonstrated neu...
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), an autoimmune astrocytopathic disease associated with the anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody, is characterized by extensive necrotic lesions primarily located on t...
Appropriately modulating inflammation after traumatic brain injury (TBI) may prevent disabilities for the millions of those inflicted annually. In TBI, cellular mediators of inflammation, including macrophages...
Neurological manifestations and the co-occurrence of multiple sclerosis (MS) have been reported in patients with autoinflammatory diseases (AID) and variants of the NLRP3-, MEFV-, or TNFRSF1A gene. However, type ...
A growing body of evidence shows that hypothalamic inflammation is an important factor in the initiation of obesity. In particular, reactive gliosis accompanied by inflammatory responses in the hypothalamus ar...
Ischemic stroke is a devastating disease without a cure. The available treatments for ischemic stroke, thrombolysis by tissue plasminogen activator, and thrombectomy are suitable only to a fraction of patients...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs in as many as 64–74 million people worldwide each year and often results in one or more post-traumatic syndromes, including depression, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral ...
Genome-wide association studies of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have implicated pathways related to lipid homeostasis and innate immunity in AD pathophysiology. However, the exact cellular and chemical mediators o...
The regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype plays an important role in intracranial aneurysm (IA) formation and progression. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Metformin is a...
Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a rare neurological disease. Some children with OMS also have neuroblastoma (NB). We and others have previously documented that serum IgG from children with OMS and NB in...
To characterize long-term repopulation of peripheral immune cells following alemtuzumab-induced lymphopenia in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), with a focus on regulatory cell types, and to explore associations ...
Aucubin (Au), an iridoid glycoside from natural plants, has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory bioactivities; however, its effects on a traumatic brain injury (TBI) model remain unknown. We explored the poten...
Orexins are two neuropeptides (orexin A, OXA; orexin B, OXB) secreted mainly from the lateral hypothalamus, which exert a wide range of physiological effects by activating two types of receptors (orexin recept...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes. Despite demyelination being a hallmark of the disease, how i...
Inflammation is a common pathophysiological trait found in both hypertension and cardiac vascular disease. Recent evidence indicates that fractalkine (FKN) and its receptor CX3CR1 have been linked to inflammat...
In early autoimmune neuroinflammation, interferon (IFN)γ and its upregulation of the immunoproteasome (iP) is pathologic. However, during chronic multiple sclerosis (MS), IFNγ has protective properties. Althou...
Recently, mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) were identified in peripheral nociceptive neurons, and their acute antagonism was responsible for immediate and short-lasting (non-genomic) antinociceptive effects. T...
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a life-threatening cerebrovascular disease. Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HIE, in which microglia are key cellular mediators in the r...
A subanesthetic dose of ketamine provides rapid and effective antidepressant effects, but the molecular mechanism remains elusive. It has been reported that overactivation of extrasynaptic GluN2B receptors is ...
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