Figure 1

Reduction of phagocytic ability of N9 cells after EMF exposure. N9 cells were pretreated with (+) or without (−) curcumin (20 μM) for 1 h and then exposed to 2.45 GHz EMF (+) or sham exposed (−) for 20 min. Untreated cultures were used as controls. (A) Representative flow cytometry histograms for CD11b expression at 12 h after EMF exposure. The fluorescence intensity in the FL2-H channel (X-axis) reflects CD11b content. (B) Average values of mean fluorescence intensity of CD11b from three independent experiments normalized to the control. (C) Confocal and constructed 3D images of N9 cells used as controls, and 3 h and 12 h after EMF exposure. Scale bar: 25 μm. (D) Average fluorescence intensity of microspheres ingested per group estimated using the confocal images and multifunctional microplate reader. *P < 0.05 vs the sham-exposed control group; ^# P < 0.05 vs the EMF-exposed group. con, control; Cur, curcumin; DAPI, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; EMF, electromagnetic field.