Figure 2
Improvement in phagocytic ability for EMF-exposed N9 cells with the addition of MFG-E8. N9 cells were pretreated with (+) or without (−) various concentrations of rmMFG-E8 (100, 500 and 1,000 ng/ml) for 1 h and then exposed to 2.45 GHz EMF (+) or sham exposed (−) for 20 min. (A) Levels of MFG-E8 and αvβ3 in total cell lysates and cellular membrane fractions were analyzed using Western blotting at the indicated times for EMF-stimulated N9 cells. Western blot results confirmed downregulation of MFG-E8, but not αvβ3, at 12 h after EMF exposure. (B) The MFG-E8 and αvβ3/actin ratios were determined by densitometric analysis. (C) rmMFG-E8 pretreatment significantly improved the phagocytic ability of N9 cells at 12 h after EMF exposure. Scale bar: 10 μm. (D) Phagocytic ratios were calculated from (C). *P < 0.05 vs the sham-exposed control group; # P < 0.05 vs the EMF-exposed group. con, control; EMF, electromagnetic field; MFG-E8, milk-fat globule EGF factor-8; rmMFG-E8, recombinant murine MFG-E8.