Figure 5

Restoration of MFG-E8 expression in EMF-exposed N9 cells incubated in curcumin and naloxone. N9 cells were pretreated with (+) or without (−) various concentrations of curcumin (5, 10 and 20 μM) or naloxone (1, 5 and 10 μM) for 1 h, and then exposed to 2.45 GHz EMF (+) or sham exposed (−) for 20 min. GAPDH antibody was used as a control for equal protein loading. The pro-inflammatory inhibitors curcumin (A) and naloxone (B) significantly restored the expression of MFG-E8 in a dose-dependent manner at 12 h after EMF exposure but there was no change in TLR4 expression for all groups. Curcumin or naloxone pretreatment alone did not cause significant changes in MFG-E8 expression in the sham exposure group. *P < 0.05 vs the sham-exposed control group; ^# P < 0.05 vs the EMF-exposed group. Cur, curcumin; EMF, electromagnetic field; MFG-E8, milk-fat globule EGF factor-8; Nal, naloxone; TLR4, toll-like receptor 4.