Kogan MD, Blumberg SJ, Schieve LA, Boyle CA, Perrin JM, Ghandour RM, Singh GK, Strickland BB, Trevathan E, van Dyck PC: Prevalence of parent-reported diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder among children in the US, 2007. Pediatrics. 2009, 5: 1395-1403.
Article
Google Scholar
Fombonne E: Epidemiology of pervasive developmental disorders. Pediatric Research. 2009, 65: 591-598. 10.1203/PDR.0b013e31819e7203.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Volkmar FR, State M, Klin A: Autism and autism spectrum disorders: diagnostic issues for the coming decade. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2009, 50: 108-115. 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02010.x.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tuchman R, Rapin I: Epilepsy in autism. Lancet Neurol. 2002, 1: 352-358. 10.1016/S1474-4422(02)00160-6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Trevathan E: Seizures and epilepsy among children with language regression and autistic spectrum disorders. J Child Neurol. 2004, 19 (Suppl 1): S49-S57.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fombonne E, du Mazaubrun C: Prevalence of infantile autism in four French regions. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1992, 27: 203-210. 10.1007/BF00789007.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Volkmar FR, Nelson DS: Seizure disorders in autism. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1990, 29: 127-129. 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00020.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Clarke DF, Roberts W, Daraksan M, Dupuis A, McCabe J, Wood H, Snead OC, Weiss SK: The prevalence of autistic spectrum disorder in children surveyed in a tertiary care epilepsy clinic. Epilepsia. 2005, 46: 1970-1977. 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2005.00343.x.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hyde TM, Weinberger DR: Seizures and schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1997, 23: 611-622.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Oblak AL, Rosene DL, Kemper TL, Bauman ML, Blatt GJ: Altered posterior cingulate cortical cyctoarchitecture, but normal density of neurons and interneurons in the posterior cingulate cortex and fusiform gyrus in autism. Autism Res. 2011, 4: 200-211. 10.1002/aur.188.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Specchio N, Fusco L, Claps D, Vigevano F: Epileptic encephalopathy in children possibly related to immune-mediated pathogenesis. Brain Dev. 2010, 32: 51-56. 10.1016/j.braindev.2009.09.017.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Enstrom AM, Van de Water JA, Ashwood P: Autoimmunity in autism. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2009, 10: 463-473.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Theoharides TC, Kempuraj D, Redwood L: Autism: an emerging 'neuroimmune disorder' in search of therapy. Exp Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 2009, 10: 2127-2143. 10.1517/14656560903107789.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Goines P, Van de Water J: The immune system's role in the biology of autism. Curr Opin Neurol. 2010, 23: 111-117. 10.1097/WCO.0b013e3283373514.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wills S, Cabanlit M, Bennett J, Ashwood P, Amaral DG, Van de Water J: Detection of autoantibodies to neural cells of the cerebellum in the plasma of subjects with autism spectrum disorders. Brain Behav Immun. 2009, 23: 64-74. 10.1016/j.bbi.2008.07.007.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rossi CC, Van de Water J, Rogers SJ, Amaral DG: Detection of plasma autoantibodies to brain tissue in young children with and without autism spectrum disorders. Brain Behav Immun. 2011, 25: 1123-1135. 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.02.011.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Li X, Chauhan A, Sheikh AM, Patil S, Chauhan V, Li XM, Ji L, Brown T, Malik M: Elevated immune response in the brain of autistic patients. J Neuroimmunol. 2009, 207: 111-116. 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.12.002.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dahlgren J, Samuelsson AM, Jansson T, Holmang A: Interleukin-6 in the maternal circulation reaches the rat fetus in mid-gestation. Pediatr Res. 2006, 60: 147-151. 10.1203/01.pdr.0000230026.74139.18.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Smith SE, Li J, Garbett K, Mirnics K, Patterson PH: Maternal immune activation alters fetal brain development through interleukin-6. Journal of Neuroscience. 2007, 27: 10695-10702. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2178-07.2007.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hallmayer J, Cleveland S, Torres A, Phillips J, Cohen B, Torigoe T, Miller J, Fedele A, Collins J, Smith K, Lotspeich L, Croen LA, Ozonoff S, Lajonchere C, Grether JK, Risch N: Genetic Heritability and Shared Environmental Factors Among Twin Pairs With Autism. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011
Google Scholar
Jyonouchi H: Autism spectrum disorders and allergy: observation from a pediatric allergy/immunology clinic. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2010, 6: 397-411. 10.1586/eci.10.18.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Angelidou A, Alysandratos KD, Asadi S, Zhang B, Francis K, Vasiadi M, Kalogeromitros D, Theoharides TC: Brief Report: "Allergic Symptoms" in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. More than Meets the Eye?. J Autism Dev Disord. 2011, 41: 1579-1585. 10.1007/s10803-010-1171-z.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Theoharides TC, Angelidou A, Alysandratos KD, Zhang B, Asadi S, Francis K, Toniato E, Kalogeromitros D: Mast cell activation and autism. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011
Google Scholar
Kempuraj D, Asadi S, Zhang B, Manola A, Hogan J, Peterson E, Theoharides TC: Mercury induces inflammatory mediator release from human mast cells. J Neuroinflammation. 2010, 7: 20-10.1186/1742-2094-7-20.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Galli SJ, Nakae S, Tsai M: Mast cells in the development of adaptive immune responses. Nat Immunol. 2005, 6: 135-142. 10.1038/ni1158.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Theoharides TC, Alysandratos KD, Angelidou A, Delivanis DA, Sismanopoulos N, Zhang B, Asadi S, Vasiadi M, Weng Z, Miniati A, Kalogeromitros D: Mast cells and inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010
Google Scholar
Theoharides TC, Doyle R, Francis K, Conti P, Kalogeromitros D: Novel therapeutic targets for autism. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2008, 29: 375-382. 10.1016/j.tips.2008.06.002.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kandere-Grzybowska K, Letourneau R, Kempuraj D, Donelan J, Poplawski S, Boucher W, Athanassiou A, Theoharides TC: IL-1 induces vesicular secretion of IL-6 without degranulation from human mast cells. J Immunol. 2003, 171: 4830-4836.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Theoharides TC, Kempuraj D, Tagen M, Conti P, Kalogeromitros D: Differential release of mast cell mediators and the pathogenesis of inflammation. Immunol Rev. 2007, 217: 65-78. 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2007.00519.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yillar DO, Kucukhuseyin C: The effects of compound 48/80, morphine, and mast cell depletion on electroshock seizure in mice. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2008, 19: 1-14. 10.1515/JBCPP.2008.19.1.1.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Singh LK, Pang X, Alexacos N, Letourneau R, Theoharides TC: Acute immobilization stress triggers skin mast cell degranulation via corticotropin-releasing hormone, neurotensin and substance P: A link to neurogenic skin disorders. Brain Behav Immunity. 1999, 13: 225-239. 10.1006/brbi.1998.0541.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Antonelli T, Ferraro L, Fuxe K, Finetti S, Fournier J, Tanganelli S, De Mattei M, Tomasini MC: Neurotensin enhances endogenous extracellular glutamate levels in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons: involvement of neurotensin receptor in NMDA induced excitotoxicity. Cereb Cortex. 2004, 14: 466-473. 10.1093/cercor/bhh008.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shulkes A, Harris QL, Lewis SJ, Vajda JE, Jarrott B: Regional brain concentrations of neurotensin following amygdaloid kindled and cortical suprathreshold stimulation-induced seizures in the rat. Neuropeptides. 1988, 11: 77-81. 10.1016/0143-4179(88)90014-5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Angelidou A, Francis K, Vasiadi M, Alysandratos K-D, Zhang B, Theoharides A, Lykouras L, Kalogeromitros D, Theoharides TC: Neurotensin is increased in serum of young children with autistic disorder. J Neuroinflammation. 2010, 7: 48-10.1186/1742-2094-7-48.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ghanizadeh A: Targeting neurotensin as a potential novel approach for the treatment of autism. J Neuroinflammation. 2010, 7: 58-10.1186/1742-2094-7-58.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Valent P, Akin C, Escribano L, Fodinger M, Hartmann K, Brockow K, Castells M, Sperr WR, Kluin-Nelemans HC, Hamdy NA, Lortholary O, Robyn J, van Doormaal J, Sotlar K, Hauswirth AW, Arock M, Hermine O, Hellmann A, Triggiani M, Niedoszytko M, Schwartz LB, Orfao A, Horny HP, Metcalfe DD: Standards and standardization in mastocytosis: consensus statements on diagnostics, treatment recommendations and response criteria. Eur J Clin Invest. 2007, 37: 435-453. 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2007.01807.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Metcalfe DD: Mast cells and mastocytosis. Blood. 2008, 112: 946-956. 10.1182/blood-2007-11-078097.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Theoharides TC: Autism spectrum disorders and mastocytosis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2009, 22: 859-865.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brockow K, Akin C, Huber M, Metcalfe DD: IL-6 levels predict disease variant and extent of organ involvement in patients with mastocytosis. Clin Immunol. 2005, 115: 216-223. 10.1016/j.clim.2005.01.011.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Theoharides TC, Boucher W, Spear K: Serum interleukin-6 reflects disease severity and osteoporosis in mastocytosis patients. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2002, 128: 344-350. 10.1159/000063858.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sarrot-Reynauld F, Massot C, Amblard P, Rousset H, Da Costa A, Vital-Durand D, Ninet J, Decousus H: [Systemic mastocytosis: incidence and risks of vasomotor seizures]. Rev Med Interne. 1993, 14: 1034-10.1016/S0248-8663(05)80151-1.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Krowchuk DP, Williford PM, Jorizzo JL, Kandt RS: Solitary mastocytoma producing symptoms mimicking those of a seizure disorder. J Child Neurol. 1994, 9: 451-453. 10.1177/088307389400900428.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Banks WA, Erickson MA: The blood-brain barrier and immune function and dysfunction. Neurobiol Dis. 2010, 37: 26-32. 10.1016/j.nbd.2009.07.031.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Quan N: Immune-to-brain signaling: how important are the blood-brain barrier-independent pathways?. Mol Neurobiol. 2008, 37: 142-152. 10.1007/s12035-008-8026-z.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fabene PF, Navarro Mora G, Martinello M, Rossi B, Merigo F, Ottoboni L, Bach S, Angiari S, Benati D, Chakir A, Zanetti L, Schio F, Osculati A, Marzola P, Nicolato E, Homeister JW, Xia L, Lowe JB, McEver RP, Osculati F, Sbarbati A, Butcher EC, Constantin G: A role for leukocyte-endothelial adhesion mechanisms in epilepsy. Nat Med. 2008, 14: 1377-1383. 10.1038/nm.1878.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ransohoff RM: Immunology: Barrier to electrical storms. Nature. 2009, 457: 155-156. 10.1038/457155a.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Theoharides TC: Mast cells: the immune gate to the brain. Life Sci. 1990, 46: 607-617. 10.1016/0024-3205(90)90129-F.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gillott A, Standen PJ: Levels of anxiety and sources of stress in adults with autism. J Intellect Disabil. 2007, 11: 359-370. 10.1177/1744629507083585.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kinney DK, Munir KM, Crowley DJ, Miller AM: Prenatal stress and risk for autism. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2008, 32: 1519-1532. 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.06.004.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Esposito P, Chandler N, Kandere-Grzybowska K, Basu S, Jacobson S, Connolly R, Tutor D, Theoharides TC: Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and brain mast cells regulate blood-brain-barrier permeability induced by acute stress. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002, 303: 1061-1066. 10.1124/jpet.102.038497.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Theoharides TC, Konstantinidou A: Corticotropin-releasing hormone and the blood-brain-barrier. Front Biosci. 2007, 12: 1615-1628. 10.2741/2174.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rehni AK, Singh TG, Singh N, Arora S: Tramadol-induced seizurogenic effect: a possible role of opioid-dependent histamine H1 receptor activation-linked mechanism. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2010, 381: 11-19. 10.1007/s00210-009-0476-y.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Theoharides TC, Donelan J, Kandere-Grzybowska K, Konstantinidou A: The role of mast cells in migraine pathophysiology. Brain Res Rev. 2005, 49: 65-76. 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.11.006.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ottman R, Lipton RB: Comorbidity of migraine and epilepsy. Neurology. 1994, 44: 2105-2110.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Suemitsu S, Watanabe M, Yokobayashi E, Usui S, Ishikawa T, Matsumoto Y, Yamada N, Okamoto M, Kuroda S: Fcgamma receptors contribute to pyramidal cell death in the mouse hippocampus following local kainic acid injection. Neuroscience. 2010, 166: 819-831. 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.01.004.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
van der Kleij H, Charles N, Karimi K, Mao YK, Foster J, Janssen L, Chang Yang P, Kunze W, Rivera J, Bienenstock J: Evidence for neuronal expression of functional Fc (epsilon and gamma) receptors. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2010, 125: 757-760. 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.054.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Emanuele E, Boso M, Brondino N, Pietra S, Barale F, Ucelli di Nemi S, Politi P: Increased serum levels of high mobility group box 1 protein in patients with autistic disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2010, 34: 681-683. 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.03.020.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Faraco G, Fossati S, Bianchi ME, Patrone M, Pedrazzi M, Sparatore B, Moroni F, Chiarugi A: High mobility group box 1 protein is released by neural cells upon different stresses and worsens ischemic neurodegeneration in vitro and in vivo. J Neurochem. 2007, 103: 590-603. 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04788.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maroso M, Balosso S, Ravizza T, Liu J, Aronica E, Iyer AM, Rossetti C, Molteni M, Casalgrandi M, Manfredi AA, Bianchi ME, Vezzani A: Toll-like receptor 4 and high-mobility group box-1 are involved in ictogenesis and can be targeted to reduce seizures. Nat Med. 2010, 16: 413-419. 10.1038/nm.2127.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zhang B, Alysandratos KD, Angelidou A, Asadi S, Sismanopoulos N, Delivanis DA, Weng Z, Miniati A, Vasiadi M, Katsarou-Katsari A, Miao B, Leeman SE, Kalogeromitros D, Theoharides TC: Human mast cell degranulation and preformed TNF secretion require mitochondrial translocation to exocytosis sites: Relevance to atopic dermatitis. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2011
Google Scholar
Zhang B, Angelidou A, Alysandratos KD, Vasiadi M, Francis K, Asadi S, Theoharides A, Sideri k, Lykouras L, Kalogeromitros D, Theoharides TC: Mitochondrial DNA and anti-mitochondrial antibodies in serum of autistic children. J Neuroinflammation. 2010, 7: 80-10.1186/1742-2094-7-80.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zhang Q, Raoof M, Chen Y, Sumi Y, Sursal T, Junger W, Brohi K, Itagaki K, Hauser CJ: Circulating mitochondrial DAMPs cause inflammatory responses to injury. Nature. 2010, 464: 104-107. 10.1038/nature08780.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lauritzen KH, Moldestad O, Eide L, Carlsen H, Nesse G, Storm JF, Mansuy IM, Bergersen LH, Klungland A: Mitochondrial DNA toxicity in forebrain neurons causes apoptosis, neurodegeneration, and impaired behavior. Mol Cell Biol. 2010, 30: 1357-1367. 10.1128/MCB.01149-09.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Frye RE, Sreenivasula S, Adams JB: Traditional and non-traditional treatments for autism spectrum disorder with seizures: an on-line survey. BMC Pediatr. 2011, 11: 37-10.1186/1471-2431-11-37.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Middleton E, Kandaswami C: The impact of plant flavonoids on mammalian biology: implications for immunity, inflammation and cancer, in the flavonoids. Edited by: Barborne JB. 1993, 619-652.
Google Scholar
Kimata M, Shichijo M, Miura T, Serizawa I, Inagaki N, Nagai H: Effects of luteolin, quercetin and baicalein on immunoglobulin E-mediated mediator release from human cultured mast cells. Clin Exp Allergy. 2000, 30: 501-508. 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2000.00768.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jang S, Kelley KW, Johnson RW: Luteolin reduces IL-6 production in microglia by inhibiting JNK phosphorylation and activation of AP-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008, 105: 7534-7539. 10.1073/pnas.0802865105.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Meyer U, Feldon J, Dammann O: Schizophrenia and autism: both shared and disorder-specific pathogenesis via perinatal inflammation?. Pediatr Res. 2011, 69: 26R-33R. 10.1203/PDR.0b013e318212c196.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jang SW, Liu X, Yepes M, Shepherd KR, Miller GW, Liu Y, Wilson WD, Xiao G, Blanchi B, Sun YE, Ye K: A selective TrkB agonist with potent neurotrophic activities by 7,8-dihydroxyflavone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010, 107: 2687-2692. 10.1073/pnas.0913572107.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Parker-Athill E, Luo D, Bailey A, Giunta B, Tian J, Shytle RD, Murphy T, Legradi G, Tan J: Flavonoids, a prenatal prophylaxis via targeting JAK2/STAT3 signaling to oppose IL-6/MIA associated autism. J Neuroimmunol. 2009, 217: 20-27. 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.08.012.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kempuraj D, Tagen M, Iliopoulou BP, Clemons A, Vasiadi M, Boucher W, House M, Wolferg A, Theoharides TC: Luteolin inhibits myelin basic protein-induced human mast cell activation and mast cell dependent stimulation of Jurkat T cells. Br J Pharmacol. 2008, 155: 1076-1084.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sternberg Z, Chadha K, Lieberman A, Drake A, Hojnacki D, Weinstock-Guttman B, Munschauer F: Immunomodulatory responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from multiple sclerosis patients upon in vitro incubation with the flavonoid luteolin: additive effects of IFN-beta. J Neuroinflammation. 2009, 6: 28-10.1186/1742-2094-6-28.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kempuraj D, Madhappan B, Christodoulou S, Boucher W, Cao J, Papadopoulou N, Cetrulo CL, Theoharides TC: Flavonols inhibit proinflammatory mediator release, intracellular calcium ion levels and protein kinase C theta phosphorylation in human mast cells. Br J Pharmacol. 2005, 145: 934-944. 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706246.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Joshi D, Naidu PS, Singh A, Kulkarni SK: Protective effect of quercetin on alcohol abstinence-induced anxiety and convulsions. J Med Food. 2005, 8: 392-396. 10.1089/jmf.2005.8.392.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nassiri-Asl M, Shariati-Rad S, Zamansoltani F: Anticonvulsive effects of intracerebroventricular administration of rutin in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2008, 32: 989-993. 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.01.011.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar