Radolf JD, Caimano MJ, Stevenson B, Hu LT. Of ticks, mice and men: understanding the dual-host lifestyle of Lyme disease spirochaetes. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2012;10:87–99.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Franke J, Hildebrandt A, Dorn W. Exploring gaps in our knowledge on Lyme borreliosis spirochaetes—updates on complex heterogeneity, ecology, and pathogenicity. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2013;4:11–25.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hytönen J, Hartiala P, Oksi J, Viljanen MK. Borreliosis: recent research, diagnosis, and management. Scand J Rheumatol. 2008;37:161–72.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Koedel U, Fingerle V, Pfister HW. Lyme neuroborreliosis—epidemiology, diagnosis and management. Nat Rev Neurol. 2015;11:446–56.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Xing J, Radkay L, Monaco SE, Roth CG, Pantanowitz L. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology of lyme neuroborreliosis: a report of 3 cases with literature review. Acta Cytol. 2015;59:339–44.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Henningsson AJ, Tjernberg I, Malmvall BE, Forsberg P, Ernerudh J. Indications of Th1 and Th17 responses in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis: a large retrospective study. J Neuroinflammation. 2011;8:36.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rupprecht TA, Koedel U, Fingerle V, Pfister HW. The pathogenesis of lyme neuroborreliosis: from infection to inflammation. Mol Med. 2008;14:205–12.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cepok S, Zhou D, Vogel F, Rosche B, Grummel V, Sommer N, Hemmer B. The immune response at onset and during recovery from Borrelia burgdorferi meningoradiculitis. Arch Neurol. 2003;60:849–55.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hytönen J, Kortela E, Waris M, Puustinen J, Salo J, Oksi J. CXCL13 and neopterin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis and other diseases that cause neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation. 2014;11:103.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Schmidt C, Plate A, Angele B, Pfister HW, Wick M, Koedel U, Rupprecht TA. A prospective study on the role of CXCL13 in Lyme neuroborreliosis. Neurology. 2011;76:1051–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wutte N, Berghold A, Löffler S, Zenz W, Daghofer E, Krainberger I, Kleinert G, Aberer E. CXCL13 chemokine in pediatric and adult neuroborreliosis. Acta Neurol Scand. 2011;124:321–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tjernberg I, Henningsson AJ, Eliasson I, Forsberg P, Ernerudh J. Diagnostic performance of cerebrospinal fluid chemokine CXCL13 and antibodies to the C6-peptide in Lyme neuroborreliosis. J Infect. 2011;62:149–58.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Senel M, Rupprecht TA, Tumani H, Pfister HW, Ludolph AC, Brettschneider J. The chemokine CXCL13 in acute neuroborreliosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2010;81:929–33.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sillanpää H, Skogman BH, Sarvas H, Seppälä IJ, Lahdenne P. Cerebrospinal fluid chemokine CXCL13 in the diagnosis of neuroborreliosis in children. Scand J Infect Dis. 2013;45:526–30.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bremell D, Mattsson N, Edsbagge M, Blennow K, Andreasson U, Wikkelsö C, Zetterberg H, Hagberg L. Cerebrospinal fluid CXCL13 in Lyme neuroborreliosis and asymptomatic HIV infection. BMC Neurol. 2013;13:2.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rupprecht TA, Plate A, Adam M, Wick M, Kastenbauer S, Schmidt C, Klein M, Pfister HW, Koedel U. The chemokine CXCL13 is a key regulator of B cell recruitment to the cerebrospinal fluid in acute Lyme neuroborreliosis. J Neuroinflammation. 2009;6:42.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Pícha D, Moravcová L, Smíšková D. Prospective study on the chemokine CXCL13 in neuroborreliosis and other aseptic neuroinfections. J Neurol Sci. 2016;368:214–20.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Moniuszko A, Pancewicz S, Czupryna P, Grygorczuk S, Świerzbińska R, Kondrusik M, Penza P, Zajkowska J. ssICAM-1, IL-21 and IL-23 in patients with tick borne encephalitis and neuroborreliosis. Cytokine. 2012;60:468–72.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cerar T, Ogrinc K, Lotric-Furlan S, Kobal J, Levicnik-Stezinar S, Strle F, Ruzić-Sabljic E. Diagnostic value of cytokines and chemokines in lyme neuroborreliosis. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2013;20:1578–84.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Grusell M, Widhe M, Ekerfelt C. Increased expression of the Th1-inducing cytokines interleukin-12 and interleukin-18 in cerebrospinal fluid but not in sera from patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis. J Neuroimmunol. 2002;131:173–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Grygorczuk S, Pancewicz S, Zajkowska J, Kondrusik M, Rwierzbińska R, Hermanowska-Szpakowicz T. Concentrations of macrophage inflammatory proteins MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta and interleukin 8 (il-8) in lyme borreliosis. Infection. 2004;32:350–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Moniuszko A, Czupryna P, Pancewicz S, Rutkowski K, Zajkowska O, Swierzbińska R, Grygorczuk S, Kondrusik M, Owłasiuk P, Zajkowska J. Evaluation of CXCL8, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12 and CXCL13 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neuroborreliosis. Immunol Lett. 2014;157:45–50.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Liba Z, Kayserova J, Komarek V. Th1 and Th17 but no Th2-related cytokine spectrum in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with Borrelia-related facial nerve palsy. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2013;10:30.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Nordberg M, Forsberg P, Johansson A, Nyman D, Jansson C, Ernerudh J, Ekerfelt C. Cytotoxic mechanisms may play a role in the local immune response in the central nervous system in neuroborreliosis. J Neuroimmunol. 2011;232:186–93.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Santalahti K, Maksimow M, Airola A, Pahikkala T, Hutri-Kähönen N, Jalkanen S, Raitakari OT, Salmi M: Circulating cytokines predict the development of insulin resistance in a prospective Finnish population cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101:3361-9.
Nieminen A, Maksimow M, Mentula P, Kyhälä L, Kylänpää L, Puolakkainen P, Kemppainen E, Repo H, Salmi M. Circulating cytokines in predicting development of severe acute pancreatitis. Crit Care. 2014;18:R104.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wang Q, Würtz P, Auro K, Morin-Papunen L, Kangas AJ, Soininen P, Tiainen M, Tynkkynen T, Joensuu A, Havulinna AS, et al: Effects of hormonal contraception on systemic metabolism: cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence. Int J Epidemiol. 2016. doi:10.1093/ije/dyw147.
Breiman L. Random forests. Machine Learning. 2001;45:5–32.
Article
Google Scholar
Marra CM, Tantalo LC, Sahi SK, Maxwell CL, Lukehart SA. CXCL13 as a cerebrospinal fluid marker for neurosyphilis in HIV-infected patients with syphilis. Sex Transm Dis. 2010;37:283–7.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dersch R, Hottenrott T, Senel M, Lehmensiek V, Tumani H, Rauer S, Stich O. The chemokine CXCL13 is elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurosyphilis. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2015;12:12.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mothapo KM, Verbeek MM, van der Velden LB, Ang CW, Koopmans PP, van der Ven A, Stelma F. Has CXCL13 an added value in diagnosis of neurosyphilis? J Clin Microbiol. 2015;53:1693–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rubenstein JL, Wong VS, Kadoch C, Gao HX, Barajas R, Chen L, Josephson SA, Scott B, Douglas V, Maiti M, et al. CXCL13 plus interleukin 10 is highly specific for the diagnosis of CNS lymphoma. Blood. 2013;121:4740–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Cerar T, Strle F, Stupica D, Ruzic-Sabljic E, McHugh G, Steere AC, Strle K. Differences in genotype, clinical features, and inflammatory potential of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto Strains from Europe and the United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22:818–27.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gunn MD, Ngo VN, Ansel KM, Ekland EH, Cyster JG, Williams LT. A B-cell-homing chemokine made in lymphoid follicles activates Burkitt’s lymphoma receptor-1. Nature. 1998;391:799–803.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Amedei A, Codolo G, Ozolins D, Ballerini C, Biagioli T, Jaunalksne I, Zilevica A, D Elios S, De Bernard M, D’ Elios MM. Cerebrospinal fluid T-regulatory cells recognize Borrelia burgdorferi NAPA in chronic Lyme borreliosis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2013;26:907–15.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Veldhoen M, Uyttenhove C, van Snick J, Helmby H, Westendorf A, Buer J, Martin B, Wilhelm C, Stockinger B. Transforming growth factor-beta 'reprograms' the differentiation of T helper 2 cells and promotes an interleukin 9-producing subset. Nat Immunol. 2008;9:1341–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gautam A, Dixit S, Philipp MT, Singh SR, Morici LA, Kaushal D, Dennis VA. Interleukin-10 alters effector functions of multiple genes induced by Borrelia burgdorferi in macrophages to regulate Lyme disease inflammation. Infect Immun. 2011;79:4876–92.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ramesh G, Didier PJ, England JD, Santana-Gould L, Doyle-Meyers LA, Martin DS, Jacobs MB, Philipp MT. Inflammation in the pathogenesis of Lyme neuroborreliosis. Am J Pathol. 2015;185:1344–60.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wang XM, Hamza M, Wu TX, Dionne RA. Upregulation of IL-6, IL-8 and CCL2 gene expression after acute inflammation: correlation to clinical pain. Pain. 2009;142:275–83.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lindquist L, Vapalahti O. Tick-borne encephalitis. Lancet. 2008;371:1861–71.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jiang BC, Cao DL, Zhang X, Zhang ZJ, He LN, Li CH, Zhang WW, Wu XB, Berta T, Ji RR, Gao YJ. CXCL13 drives spinal astrocyte activation and neuropathic pain via CXCR5. J Clin Invest. 2016;126:745–61.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar