Table 1 Maternal characteristics
Variable | C/TD (n = 15) | C/ND (n = 12) | A/TD (n = 15) | A/ND (n = 17) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal age at enrollment (years) | 27.5 ± 1.3 | 27.8 ± 1.5 | 27.3 ± 2.2 | 30.2 ± 1.7 | 0.7581 | |
Recruitment site | Khmelnytsky | 67.7% (10) | 41.7% (5) | 53.3% (8) | 82.4% (14) | 0.1262 |
Rivne | 33.3% (5) | 58.3% (7) | 46.7% (7) | 17.6% (3) | ||
Marital status | Married or cohabitating | 93.3% (14) | 100.0% (12) | 93.3% (14) | 88.2% (15) | 0.8992 |
Single/separated | 6.7% (1) | 0.0% (0) | 6.7% (1) | 11.8% (2) | ||
Maternal education level | Incomplete high school diploma | 0.0% (0) | 8.3% (1) | 0.0% (0) | 17.6% (3) | 0.2632 |
High school diploma/vocational school | 40.0% (6) | 33.3% (4) | 40.0% (6) | 58.8% (10) | ||
Some college (college degree or unfinished university education) | 13.3% (2) | 8.3% (1) | 26.7% (4) | 5.9% (1) | ||
University graduate | 46.7% (7) | 50.0% (6) | 33.3% (5) | 17.6% (3) | ||
Socio-economic status category (Hollingshead score) | 1 (high), 55–66 | 33.3% (5) | 16.7% (2) | 6.7% (1) | 0.0% (0) | 0.2262 |
2, 40–54 | 33.3% (5) | 25.0% (3) | 26.7% (4) | 29.4% (5) | ||
3, 30–39 | 13.3% (2) | 25.0% (3) | 40.0% (6) | 23.5% (4) | ||
4, 20–29 | 12.5% (2) | 33.3% (4) | 13.3% (2) | 17.6% (3) | ||
5 (low), 8–19 | 6.7% (1) | 0.0% (0) | 13.3% (2) | 29.4% (5) | ||
Gravidity | > 1 | 46.7% (7) | 75.0% (9) | 73.3% (11) | 64.7% (11) | 0.3822 |
1 | 53.3% (8) | 25.0% (3) | 26.7% (4) | 35.3% (6) | ||
Parity | > 0 | 46.7% (7) | 66.7% (8) | 60.0% (9) | 52.9% (9) | 0.7423 |
0 | 53.3% (8) | 33.3.3% (4) | 40.0% (6) | 47.1% (8) | ||
Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) | 23.6 ± 1.1 | 23.3 ± 1.1 | 23.3 ± 0.9 | 25.0 ± 1.1 | 0.6481 | |
Smoking status | Current smoker | 6.7% (1) | 0.0% (0) | 33.3% (5) | 43.8% (7) | 0.0142 |
Never smoked | 86.7% (13) | 91.7% (11) | 53.3% (8) | 43.8% (7) | ||
Quit after realized pregnant | 6.7% (1) | 0.0% (0) | 6.7% (1) | 12.5% (2) | ||
Quit before pregnancy | 0.0% (0) | 8.3% (1) | 6.7% (1) | 0.0% (0) | ||
Ounces of alcohol/day at time of conception (AAD0) | 0.02 ± 0.02 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.69 ± 0.19a,b | 1.91 ± 0.42a,b,c | < 0.0011 | |
Ounces of alcohol/drinking day at conception (AADD0) | 0.06 ± 0.05 | 0.10 ± 0.10 | 1.73 ± 0.41a,b | 4.03 ± 0.89a,b | < 0.0011 | |
Ounces of alcohol/day 2 weeks prior to enrollment (AADXP) | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.004 ± 0.00 | 0.31 ± 0.13a,b | 0.65 ± 0.23a,b | < 0.0011 | |
Ounces of alcohol/drinking day 2 weeks prior to enrollment (AADDXP) | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.05 ± 0.05 | 0.96 ± 0.30a,b | 1.38 ± 0.47a,b | < 0.0011 | |