Fig. 1

Bioplex analyses show widespread upregulation of cytokines in old versus young C57BL/6J ventral hippocampus. Cytokine expression was measured in the ventral hippocampus of young versus old C57BL/6J. Relative to young mice, old mice expressed significantly higher levels of A interleukin 1α (IL-1α), B IL-1β, C IL-2, D IL-3, and E IL-4 but not F IL-5. Old mice also expressed higher levels of G IL-6, H IL-9, I IL-10, J IL-12p40, K IL-12p70, L IL-13, M IL-17, N eotaxin, and O granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), but not P granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Q Interfeuron gamma (IFNγ) also exhibited an age-related increase, as did R KC but not S monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1). Finally, T macrophage inflammatory protein 1a (MIP-1a), U MIP-1b, V rantes, and W tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) all demonstrated age-related increases in expression. X Correlational analyses (bold = FDR-P<0.05) of data from old mice reveals that a subset of these cytokines become uniquely coupled with each other in the aged ventral hippocampus (i.e., IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-3, IL-6, KL12p40, IL-13, IL17, KC, MCP-1, MIP-1b and Rantes; see Table S2 for r and P values for both young and old mice). Data expressed as mean ±SEM. *vs. young, FDR-P=0.044–0.002. FDR—false discovery rate