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Correction: Glyphosate infiltrates the brain and increases pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα: implications for neurodegenerative disorders

Journal of Neuroinflammation volume 21, Article number: 20 (2024) Cite this article

The Original Article was published on 28 July 2022

Correction: Journal of Neuroinflammation (2022) 19:193 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-022-02544-5

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors identified an error in the notation of units used in the publication.

All glyphosate and AMPA measurements reported for brain tissue should have been reported as ng/g, instead of ng/mg. This change impacts the axis labels on Fig. 1B, C, E, F, Fig. 3A, B, Supplemental Figure S1A and S1B and two statements in the method section of the publication.

Fig. 1
figure 1

Glyphosate and its major metabolite are detectable in brain tissue. A C57BL/6J mice were orally gavaged for 14 days, with urine being collected on the last 3 days. Blood was collected at endpoint, 4 h after the last dosage on day 14, followed by perfusion and postmortem analysis. B Levels of glyphosate detected in the brain tissue revealed a significant dose-dependent response between the four groups. C Levels of AMPA detected in the brain tissue are elevated in the highest two doses. D Level of glyphosate detected in mouse urine is elevated in the 500 mg/kg groups compared to the lower doses. E Positive correlation between levels of glyphosate and AMPA in the brain (p < 0.0001). F Positive correlation between brain and urine glyphosate (p = 0.0182). Data in A–C are presented as boxplots. The center line represents the median value, the limits represent the 25th and 75th percentile, and the whiskers represent the minimum and maximum value of the distribution. *p < 0.05 **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001

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Fig. 3
figure 3

Correlations between urine and brain glyphosate and peripheral blood plasma and brain TNFα measures. A Significant positive correlation between brain glyphosate and brain TNFα levels (p < 0.0001). B Significant positive correlation between brain glyphosate and peripheral blood plasma TNFα levels (p < 0.0001). C Trending correlation of urine glyphosate and brain TNFα levels (p = 0.0604). D Significant positive correlation of urine glyphosate and peripheral blood plasma TNFα levels (p = 0.0206)

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These changes do not impact any findings or conclusions made in this publication. All authors agree to this correction.

Following statements in the methods should be updated as follow:

“Homogenates corresponding to 5 mg of tissue were aliquoted and spiked with 10 ng/g isotopically labeled internal standards of glyphosate (13C215N Glyphosate, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and AMPA (D213C15N AMPA, Sigma-Aldrich).”

“The limit of detection (LOD) (LOD = t(n − 1, t − α = 0.99) * Ss, where Ss is standard deviation from replicate measurements of a spiked-in standard and t(n−1, t − α = 0.99 represents Student’s t-value at 99% confidence with n − 1 degrees of freedom) was 0.189 ng/g and 0.122 ng/g for Glyphosate and AMPA, respectively, and limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.5 ng/g and 0.4 ng/g for glyphosate and AMPA, respectively.”

All figures noted above have been updated in this correction.

The original article has been corrected.

Reference

  1. Winstone JK, Pathak KV, Winslow W, Piras IS, White J, Sharma R, Huentelman MJ, Pirrotte P, Velazquez R. Glyphosate infiltrates the brain and increases pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα: implications for neurodegenerative disorders. J Neuroinflamm. 2022;19:193. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-022-02544-5.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Arizona State University‑Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 797 E Tyler St, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA

    Joanna K. Winstone, Wendy Winslow, Jennifer White & Ramon Velazquez

  2. School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA

    Joanna K. Winstone & Ramon Velazquez

  3. Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA

    Ignazio S. Piras, Matthew J. Huentelman & Ramon Velazquez

  4. Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resources (IMS-SR), City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA

    Khyatiben V. Pathak, Ritin Sharma & Patrick Pirrotte

  5. Cancer & Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA

    Khyatiben V. Pathak, Ritin Sharma & Patrick Pirrotte

  6. Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA

    Ignazio S. Piras & Matthew J. Huentelman

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  1. Joanna K. Winstone
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  2. Khyatiben V. Pathak
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Correspondence to Ramon Velazquez.

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Supplementary Information

Additional file 1

: Figure S1. Linearity of A. glyphosate and B. AMPA over a concentration range of 0–50 ng/g in brain. The area ratio depicts ratio of variable concentrations of glyphosate or AMPA to their respective internal standards (13C215N-Glyphosate or D213C15N-AMPA) with a constant concentration of 10 ng/g. C–F. Representative MS2 extracted ion chromatograms (EIC) of glyphosate in mice fed at 0 mg/kg, 125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg glyphosate.

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Winstone, J.K., Pathak, K.V., Winslow, W. et al. Correction: Glyphosate infiltrates the brain and increases pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα: implications for neurodegenerative disorders. J Neuroinflammation 21, 20 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-023-02990-9

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Journal of Neuroinflammation

ISSN: 1742-2094