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Multiple sclerosis (MS) leads to demyelination and neurodegeneration with autoimmune responses in central nervous system. Patients begin with a relapsing–remitting (RR) course, and more than 80% of them may ad...
Neuroinflammation in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) has been associated with the pathogenesis of stress-induced hypertension (SIH). Neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in many pathological...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating autoimmune disorder which may cause long-term disability. MicroRNA (miRNA) are stable, non-coding molecules that have been identified in our Comprehensive Lon...
Gut microbiota plays a critical role in the regulation of immune homeostasis. Accordingly, several autoimmune disorders have been associated with dysbiosis in the gut microbiota. Notably, the dysbiosis associa...
Mutations in colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) are known to cause adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP), which has been recently demonstrated as a primary m...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a major cause of death and severe disability worldwide. We found previously that treatment with exogenous naïve B cells was associated with structural and functional neurop...
Microglia are tissue resident macrophages with a wide range of critically important functions in central nervous system development and homeostasis.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disabling autoimmune demyelinating disorder affecting young people and causing significant disability. In the last decade, different microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns have been ...
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common complication of liver cirrhosis, associated with high morbidity and mortality, for which no brain-targeted therapies exist at present. The interplay between hyperammonem...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by accumulation of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, leading to chronic activation of...
Increasing evidence has connected the development of certain neuropsychiatric disorders, as well as neurodegenerative diseases, to stress-induced dysregulation of the immune system. We have shown that escapabl...
Severe lung infection can lead to brain dysfunction and neurobehavioral disorders. The mechanisms that regulate the lung-brain axis of inflammatory response to respiratory infection are incompletely understood...
The spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are devastating neurological diseases characterized by progressive cerebellar incoordination. While neurons bear the brunt of the pathology, a growing body of evidence sugges...
The meninges, membranes surrounding the central nervous system (CNS) boundary, harbor a diverse array of immunocompetent immune cells, and therefore, serve as an immunologically active site. Meningeal immunity...
Antenatal infection/inflammation is associated with disturbances in neuronal connectivity, impaired cortical growth and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. The pathophysiological substrate that underpins these c...
The humanized anti-α4 integrin blocking antibody natalizumab (NTZ) is an effective treatment for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) that is associated with the risk of progressive multifocal leukoen...
Autoimmune neuropathies are common peripheral nervous system (PNS) disorders. Environmental influences and dietary components are known to affect the course of autoimmune diseases. Intestinal microorganisms ca...
Hepatic encephalopathy-induced hyperammonemia alters astrocytic glutamate metabolism in the brain, which is involved in cognitive decline. To identify specific therapeutic strategies for the treatment of hepat...
Proper sight is not possible without a smooth, transparent cornea, which is highly exposed to environmental threats. The abundant corneal nerves are interspersed with epithelial cells in the anterior corneal s...
Chronic inflammation significantly contributes to photoreceptor death in blinding retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Bromodomain and extraterminal do...
Blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption is a key event after spinal cord injury (SCI), which permits unfavorable blood-derived substances to enter the neural tissue and exacerbates secondary injury. Howeve...
New data are accumulating on gut microbial dysbiosis in Parkinson’s disease (PD), while the specific mechanism remains uncharacterized. This study aims to investigate the potential role and pathophysiological ...
Discoidin Domain Receptor (DDR)-1 is activated by collagen. Nilotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is FDA-approved for leukemia and potently inhibits DDR-1. Individuals diagnosed with mild–moderate Alzh...
Microglial polarization is one of the most promising therapeutic targets for multiple central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including ischemic stroke. However, detailed transcriptional alteration of microgli...
Treatment of brain tumors, epilepsy, or hemodynamic abnormalities requires a craniotomy to access the brain. Nearly 1 million craniotomies are performed in the US annually, which increase to ~ 14 million world...
Postoperative delirium (POD) is a frequent and debilitating complication, especially amongst high risk procedures, such as orthopedic surgery. This kind of neurocognitive disorder negatively affects cognitive ...
Numerous studies have found that inhibiting the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome can significantly improve depressive-like behaviors in mice, but the research on its effect on cognitive decline in depression a...
Chronically dysregulated neuroinflammation has been implicated in neurodegenerative dementias, with separate studies reporting increased brain levels of inflammatory mediators and gliosis in Alzheimer’s diseas...
Depression and dysosmia have been regarded as primary neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients, the mechanism of which remains unclear. Current studies have demonstrated that the SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) prot...
Complex regional pain syndrome type-I (CRPS-I) causes excruciating pain that affect patients’ life quality. However, the mechanisms underlying CRPS-I are incompletely understood, which hampers the development ...
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a heterogeneous group of early onset and progressive neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by degeneration in the frontal and temporal lobes, which causes deterioration in...
There is a need for novel fluid biomarkers tracking neuroinflammatory responses in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our recent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomics study revealed that migration inhibitory factor (MIF...
TNF signaling is an essential regulator of cellular homeostasis. Through its two receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2, soluble versus membrane-bound TNF enable cell death or survival in a variety of cell types. TNF-TNFRs...
Chronic cerebral ischemia induces white matter injury (WMI) contributing to cognitive decline. Both astrocytes and microglia play vital roles in the demyelination and remyelination processes, but the underlyin...
Increasing pre-clinical evidence suggests that aerobic exercise positively modulates neuroimmune responses following traumatic nerve injury. However, meta-analyses on neuroimmune outcomes are currently still l...
The original article was published in Journal of Neuroinflammation 2012 9:251
Postoperative pain and inflammation are significant complications following surgery. Strategies that aim to prevent excessive inflammation without hampering natural wound-healing are required for the managemen...
Patients receiving epidural or intrathecal opioids administration for neuraxial analgesia frequently suffer from an irritating itch. STING (stimulator of interferon genes), an innate immune modulator, is stron...
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine and master regulator of the immune system. It acts through two receptors resulting in often opposing biological effects, which may explain the lack of the...
Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate phosphatase/chronophin (PLPP/CIN) selectively dephosphorylates serine (S) 10 site on neurofibromin 2 (NF2, also known as merlin (moesin-ezrin-radixin-like protein) or schwannomin). p21-acti...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease in which pregnancy leads to a temporary amelioration in disease activity as indicated by the profound decrease in relapses rate during the 3rd trimester o...
Ischemic stroke is characterized by the presence of reactive microglia. However, its precise involvement in stroke etiology is still unknown. We used metabolic profiling and showed that chemokine like factor 1...
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is mainly characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and neuroinflammation mediated by overactivated microglia a...
Microglia are the immune effector cells of the brain playing critical roles in immune surveillance and neuroprotection in healthy conditions, while they can sustain neuroinflammatory and neurotoxic processes i...
The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) has been widely studied to modulate the immune response. Current stimulating strategies are invasive or imprecise. Noninvasive low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (L...
Peripheral inflammation is an important feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, if and how CNS pathology is involved in the peripheral inflammation in PD remains to be fully investigated. Recently, the e...
Neuroinflammation is an important component of many neurodegenerative diseases, whether as a primary cause or a secondary outcome. For that reason, either as diagnostic tools or to monitor progression and/or p...
Retinal ischemia–reperfusion (RIR) injury refers to an obstruction in the retinal blood supply followed by reperfusion. Although the molecular mechanism underlying the ischemic pathological cascade is not full...
Neuroinflammation has been suggested as a contributor to the pathophysiology of depression; however, large case–control studies investigating cytokine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with...
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) triggered by autoimmune mechanisms. Microglia are activated and play a pivotal role ...
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Journal of Neuroinflammation