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Antenatal infection/inflammation is associated with disturbances in neuronal connectivity, impaired cortical growth and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. The pathophysiological substrate that underpins these c...
The humanized anti-α4 integrin blocking antibody natalizumab (NTZ) is an effective treatment for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) that is associated with the risk of progressive multifocal leukoen...
Autoimmune neuropathies are common peripheral nervous system (PNS) disorders. Environmental influences and dietary components are known to affect the course of autoimmune diseases. Intestinal microorganisms ca...
Hepatic encephalopathy-induced hyperammonemia alters astrocytic glutamate metabolism in the brain, which is involved in cognitive decline. To identify specific therapeutic strategies for the treatment of hepat...
Proper sight is not possible without a smooth, transparent cornea, which is highly exposed to environmental threats. The abundant corneal nerves are interspersed with epithelial cells in the anterior corneal s...
Chronic inflammation significantly contributes to photoreceptor death in blinding retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Bromodomain and extraterminal do...
Blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption is a key event after spinal cord injury (SCI), which permits unfavorable blood-derived substances to enter the neural tissue and exacerbates secondary injury. Howeve...
New data are accumulating on gut microbial dysbiosis in Parkinson’s disease (PD), while the specific mechanism remains uncharacterized. This study aims to investigate the potential role and pathophysiological ...
Discoidin Domain Receptor (DDR)-1 is activated by collagen. Nilotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is FDA-approved for leukemia and potently inhibits DDR-1. Individuals diagnosed with mild–moderate Alzh...
Microglial polarization is one of the most promising therapeutic targets for multiple central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including ischemic stroke. However, detailed transcriptional alteration of microgli...
Treatment of brain tumors, epilepsy, or hemodynamic abnormalities requires a craniotomy to access the brain. Nearly 1 million craniotomies are performed in the US annually, which increase to ~ 14 million world...
Postoperative delirium (POD) is a frequent and debilitating complication, especially amongst high risk procedures, such as orthopedic surgery. This kind of neurocognitive disorder negatively affects cognitive ...
Numerous studies have found that inhibiting the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome can significantly improve depressive-like behaviors in mice, but the research on its effect on cognitive decline in depression a...
Chronically dysregulated neuroinflammation has been implicated in neurodegenerative dementias, with separate studies reporting increased brain levels of inflammatory mediators and gliosis in Alzheimer’s diseas...
Depression and dysosmia have been regarded as primary neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients, the mechanism of which remains unclear. Current studies have demonstrated that the SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) prot...
Complex regional pain syndrome type-I (CRPS-I) causes excruciating pain that affect patients’ life quality. However, the mechanisms underlying CRPS-I are incompletely understood, which hampers the development ...
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a heterogeneous group of early onset and progressive neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by degeneration in the frontal and temporal lobes, which causes deterioration in...
There is a need for novel fluid biomarkers tracking neuroinflammatory responses in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our recent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomics study revealed that migration inhibitory factor (MIF...
TNF signaling is an essential regulator of cellular homeostasis. Through its two receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2, soluble versus membrane-bound TNF enable cell death or survival in a variety of cell types. TNF-TNFRs...
Chronic cerebral ischemia induces white matter injury (WMI) contributing to cognitive decline. Both astrocytes and microglia play vital roles in the demyelination and remyelination processes, but the underlyin...
Increasing pre-clinical evidence suggests that aerobic exercise positively modulates neuroimmune responses following traumatic nerve injury. However, meta-analyses on neuroimmune outcomes are currently still l...
The original article was published in Journal of Neuroinflammation 2012 9:251
Postoperative pain and inflammation are significant complications following surgery. Strategies that aim to prevent excessive inflammation without hampering natural wound-healing are required for the managemen...
Patients receiving epidural or intrathecal opioids administration for neuraxial analgesia frequently suffer from an irritating itch. STING (stimulator of interferon genes), an innate immune modulator, is stron...
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine and master regulator of the immune system. It acts through two receptors resulting in often opposing biological effects, which may explain the lack of the...
Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate phosphatase/chronophin (PLPP/CIN) selectively dephosphorylates serine (S) 10 site on neurofibromin 2 (NF2, also known as merlin (moesin-ezrin-radixin-like protein) or schwannomin). p21-acti...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease in which pregnancy leads to a temporary amelioration in disease activity as indicated by the profound decrease in relapses rate during the 3rd trimester o...
Ischemic stroke is characterized by the presence of reactive microglia. However, its precise involvement in stroke etiology is still unknown. We used metabolic profiling and showed that chemokine like factor 1...
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is mainly characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and neuroinflammation mediated by overactivated microglia a...
Microglia are the immune effector cells of the brain playing critical roles in immune surveillance and neuroprotection in healthy conditions, while they can sustain neuroinflammatory and neurotoxic processes i...
The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) has been widely studied to modulate the immune response. Current stimulating strategies are invasive or imprecise. Noninvasive low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (L...
Peripheral inflammation is an important feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, if and how CNS pathology is involved in the peripheral inflammation in PD remains to be fully investigated. Recently, the e...
Neuroinflammation is an important component of many neurodegenerative diseases, whether as a primary cause or a secondary outcome. For that reason, either as diagnostic tools or to monitor progression and/or p...
Retinal ischemia–reperfusion (RIR) injury refers to an obstruction in the retinal blood supply followed by reperfusion. Although the molecular mechanism underlying the ischemic pathological cascade is not full...
Neuroinflammation has been suggested as a contributor to the pathophysiology of depression; however, large case–control studies investigating cytokine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with...
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) triggered by autoimmune mechanisms. Microglia are activated and play a pivotal role ...
Septins are cytoskeletal proteins with filament forming capabilities, which have multiple roles during cell division, cellular polarization, morphogenesis, and membrane trafficking. Autoantibodies against sept...
Despite extensive astrocyte activation in patients suffering from HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), little is known about the contribution of astrocytes to HAND neuropathology. Here, we report th...
Previous studies have shown a close association between an altered immune system and Parkinson's disease (PD). Neuroinflammation inhibition may be an effective measure to prevent PD. Recently, numerous reports...
Recent literature on multiple sclerosis (MS) demonstrates the growing implementation of optical coherence tomography–angiography (OCT-A) to discover potential qualitative and quantitative changes in the retina...
Depression is a common mental illness, which is related to monoamine neurotransmitters and the dysfunction of the cholinergic, immune, glutamatergic, and neuroendocrine systems. The hypothesis of monoamine neu...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Although studies have demonstrated that microglia facilitate remyelination in demyelinating diseas...
Central post-stroke pain (CPSP) is an intractable and disabling central neuropathic pain that severely affects patients’ lives, well-being, and socialization abilities. However, CPSP has been poorly studied me...
Long-term smoking is a risk factor for chronic pain, and chronic nicotine exposure induces pain-like effects in rodents. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been demonstrated to be associated with pain and...
The unique intracranial tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes to the immunotherapy failure for glioblastoma (GBM), thus new functional protein targets are urgently needed. Alternative splicing is a widespre...
Neuroinflammation has been suggested as a pathogenetic mechanism contributing to Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, anti-inflammatory treatment strategies have not yet been established as a therapeutic option ...
Neuroinflammation is an important feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Understanding which aspects of the immune system are important in AD may lead to new therapeutic approaches. We study the major histocompa...
Traumatic brain injury is common, and often results in debilitating consequences. Even mild traumatic brain injury leaves approximately 20% of patients with symptoms that persist for months. Despite great clin...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, with the characteristics of neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) and senile plaque (SP) formation. Although great progresses have been made in clinical ...
Enhanced neuroinflammation is an important mechanism underlying perioperative neurocognitive disorders. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in regulating systemic immune responses. The present study...
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Journal of Neuroinflammation