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The mechanisms of cognitive impairments in Parkinson’s disease (PD) remain unknown. Accumulating evidence revealed that brain neuroinflammatory response mediated by microglial cells contributes to cognitive de...
Demyelination occurs in multiple central nervous system (CNS) disorders and is tightly associated with neuroinflammation. Pyroptosis is a form of pro-inflammatory and lytic cell death which has been observed i...
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are highly enriched in the central nervous system and have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. However, whether and how circRNAs contribute to the pathological processes ind...
Patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated cryptococcal meningitis (HIV-CM) have persistent intracranial inflammation despite negative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fungal cultures after optimal treatme...
The “missing” link of complex and multifaceted interplay among endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) transcription, chronic immuno-inflammation, and the development of psychiatric disorders is still far from being co...
Increasing evidence suggests that patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) present with peripheral autonomic dysfunction (AutD) that even precedes motor deficits, through which α-synuclein can spread to the cent...
Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) are human autoimmune peripheral neuropathy. Besides humoral immunity, cellular immunity is also believed to contribute...
One intrastriatal administration of quinolinic acid (QA) in rats induces a lesion with features resembling those observed in Huntington’s disease. Our aim is to evaluate the effects of the cysteinyl leukotrien...
In Parkinson's disease (PD), neurotoxic microglia, Th1 cells, and Th17 cells are overactivated. Overactivation of these immune cells exacerbates the disease process and leads to the pathological development of...
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a primary dose-limiting side effect caused by antineoplastic agents, such as paclitaxel. A primary symptom of this neuropathy is pain. Currently, there are ...
Patients with hypertension have a risk of depression. Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides (MOOs) have anti-depressant properties. In this study, we aimed to determine whether MOOs can improve the symptoms of dep...
Patients with COVID-19 can have a variety of neurological symptoms, but the active involvement of central nervous system (CNS) in COVID-19 remains unclear. While routine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analyses in p...
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a cell-surface immunoreceptor expressed on microglia, osteoclasts, dendritic cells and macrophages. Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in TREM2,...
Retinal melanosome/melanolipofuscin-containing cells (MCCs), clinically visible as hyperreflective foci (HRF) and a highly predictive imaging biomarker for the progression of age-related macular degeneration (...
Mounting evidence suggests that the immune system plays detrimental or protective roles in nerve injury and repair.
Inflammasome activation has a pathogenic role in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Up-regulated expressions of inflammasome adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and assembly of ASC s...
Clustering of microglia around the vasculature has been reported in the retina and the brain after systemic administration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in mice. LPS acts via activation of Toll-like receptor 4 ...
Previous reports have indicated that disrupting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in dendritic cells (DCs) may affect the progression of autoimmune inflammation; however, the factors and timing that regulate Wnt/β-cat...
The microbiota–gut–brain axis plays an important role in the development of depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 5-HT on cognitive function, learning and memory induced by chroni...
Postoperative pain is a serious clinical problem with a poorly understood mechanism, and lacks effective treatment. Hydrogen (H2) can reduce neuroinflammation; therefore, we hypothesize that H2 may alleviate post...
The impairment in the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) and the activation of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome represent two molecular events leading to neurodegeneration and neuroinfl...
Chronic microglia activation post-stroke is associated with worse neurological and cognitive outcomes. However, measurement of microglia activation in vivo is currently limited. Plasma derived extracellular ve...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunctions and behavioral impairments. Patchouli alcohol (PA), isolated from Pogostemonis Herba, exhibits m...
The presence of meningeal ectopic lymphoid structures (ELS) in a subgroup of patients diagnosed with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) corresponds to a pronounced cortical inflammation and an agg...
2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is the most abundant endogenous cannabinoid. Inhibition of 2-AG metabolism by inactivation of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), the primary enzyme that degrades 2-AG in the brain, p...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Anxiety and depression are the most common psychiatric comorbidities of MS, which seriously affect patients’ ...
The mechanisms by which neonatal inflammation leads to cognitive deficits in adulthood remain poorly understood. Inhibitory GABAergic synaptic transmission plays a vital role in controlling learning, memory an...
We have investigated the efficacy of a new strategy to limit pathological retinal neovascularization (RNV) during ischemic retinopathy by targeting the cholesterol metabolizing enzyme acyl-coenzyme A: choleste...
This study identified early immune gene responses in peripheral blood associated with 90-day ischemic stroke (IS) outcomes.
Sepsis-associated brain injury (SABI) is characterized by an acute deterioration of mental status resulting in cognitive impairment and acquisition of new and persistent functional limitations in sepsis surviv...
Ischemic stroke in white matter of the brain induces not only demyelination, but also neuroinflammation. Peripheral T lymphocytes, especially regulatory T cells (Tregs), are known to infiltrate into ischemic b...
Lyme neuroborreliosis, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi affects both the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS, PNS). The CNS manifestations, especially at later stages, can mimic/cause many oth...
Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by muscle weakness. The AChR+ autoantibodies are produced by B-cells located in thymic ectopic germinal centers (...
The innate lymphoid cell (ILC) family consists of NK cells, ILC type 1, 2, 3 and lymphoid tissue inducer cells. They have been shown to play important roles in homeostasis and immune responses and are generall...
Promotion of myelin repair in the context of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) still represents a clinical unmet need, given that this disease is not only characterized by autoimmune activ...
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating injury that may result in permanent motor impairment. The active ingredients of medications are unable to reach the affected area due to the blood‒brain barrier. Elami...
In response to brain injury or inflammation, astrocytes undergo hypertrophy, proliferate, and migrate to the damaged zone. These changes, collectively known as "astrogliosis", initially protect the brain; howe...
Ischemic stroke immediately evokes a strong neuro-inflammatory response within the vascular compartment, which contributes to primary infarct development under vessel occlusion as well as further infarct growt...
Astrocytes are crucial for maintaining brain homeostasis and synaptic function, but are also tightly connected to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our previous data demonstrate that astrocytes ing...
The original article was published in Journal of Neuroinflammation 2022 19:271
Chronic hyperammonemia, a main contributor to hepatic encephalopathy (HE), leads to neuroinflammation which alters neurotransmission leading to cognitive impairment. There are no specific treatments for the ne...
Regulatory CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells (Treg) are a subgroup of T lymphocytes involved in maintaining immune balance. Disturbance of Treg number and impaired suppressive function of Treg correlate with Parkinson’s di...
Neuroinflammation in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is well known to influence the progression of depression. However, the molecular mechanisms triggering NAc neuroinflammation in depression have not been fully e...
The original article was published in Journal of Neuroinflammation 2021 18:38
Dysfunction of glial cell communication is involved in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis, and the recent study reported that astrocytic secreted interleukin-3 (IL-3) participated in astrocyte–microglia cro...
Dysregulated activation of the inflammasome is involved in various human diseases including acute cerebral ischemia, multiple sclerosis and sepsis. Though many inflammasome inhibitors targeting NOD-like recept...
Brain lactate concentrations are enhanced in response to cerebral ischemia and promote the formation of reactive astrocytes, which are major components of the neuroinflammatory response and functional recovery...
Little is known about the association between gut microbiota and intestinal injury under a state of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). Here, the effects of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)...
Neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis are closely associated with a poor prognosis in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We investigated the role of C–C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) in SAH.
Long-term use of opioids such as morphine has negative side effects, such as morphine analgesic tolerance and morphine-induced hyperalgesia (MIH). These side effects limit the clinical use and analgesic effica...
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Journal of Neuroinflammation