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  1. La Crosse virus (LACV) is the leading cause of pediatric arboviral encephalitis in the USA. LACV encephalitis can result in learning and memory deficits, which may be due to infection and apoptosis of neurons ...

    Authors: Clayton W. Winkler, Tyson A. Woods, Bradley R. Groveman, Aaron B. Carmody, Emily E. Speranza, Craig A. Martens, Sonja M. Best, Cathryn L. Haigh and Karin E. Peterson

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:229

    Content type: Research

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  2. In the past, multiple sclerosis (MS) medications have been primarily designed to modulate T cell properties. Based on the emerging concept that B cells are equally important for the propagation of MS, we compa...

    Authors: Jan W. Traub, Hannah L. Pellkofer, Katja Grondey, Ira Seeger, Christoph Rowold, Wolfgang Brück, Leila Husseini, Silke Häusser-Kinzel and Martin S. Weber

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:228

    Content type: Research

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  3. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is synthesized and upregulated in astrocytes under stroke. We previously demonstrated that transgenic mice over-expressing astrocytic ET-1 (GET-1) displayed more severe neurological deficit...

    Authors: Xiao Cheng, Patrick K. K. Yeung, Ke Zhong, Prince L. M. Zilundu, Lihua Zhou and Sookja K. Chung

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:227

    Content type: Research

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  4. Chemerin is highly expressed in the serum, placenta tissue, and umbilical cord blood of diabetic mother; however, the impact of chemerin on cognitive disorders of offspring from mothers with diabetes in pregna...

    Authors: Zhaoxia Liang, Luyang Han, Dianjianyi Sun, Yanmin Chen, Qi Wu, Lixia Zhang, Menglin Zhou and Danqing Chen

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:226

    Content type: Research

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  6. Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) leads to cardiovascular diseases and increased mortality in clinical studies. However, the underlying mechanisms are still inconclusive. Systemic inflammation-induced neu...

    Authors: Mu-Hui Fu, I-Chun Chen, Chou-Hwei Lee, Chih-Wei Wu, Yu-Chi Lee, Yu Chih Kung, Chun-Ying Hung and Kay L. H. Wu

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:224

    Content type: Research

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  7. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease with a distinct female bias, as well as a high prevalence of neuropathic pain in both sexes. The dorsal root ganglia (DRG) contain the primary sensory neurons that g...

    Authors: Timothy N. Friedman, Muhammad Saad Yousuf, Ana Catuneanu, Mansi Desai, Camille A. Juźwik, Alyson E. Fournier and Bradley J. Kerr

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:223

    Content type: Research

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  8. Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide despite recent treatment breakthroughs. A primary event in stroke pathogenesis is the development of a potent and deleterious local and peripher...

    Authors: Kathleen E. Salmeron, Michael E. Maniskas, Danielle N. Edwards, Raymond Wong, Ivana Rajkovic, Amanda Trout, Abir A. Rahman, Samantha Hamilton, Justin F. Fraser, Emmanuel Pinteaux and Gregory J. Bix

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:222

    Content type: Research

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  9. Obese mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) display signs of inflammation in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC), a critical area for controlling systemic energy metabolism. This has been suggested as a key mechani...

    Authors: Chan Hee Lee, Sung Hoon Shin, Gil Myoung Kang, Seongjun Kim, Jiye Kim, Rina Yu and Min-Seon Kim

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:221

    Content type: Research

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  10. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported as deregulated in active brain lesions derived from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). In there, these post-transcriptional regulators may elicit very important effect...

    Authors: María Muñoz-San Martín, Gemma Reverter, Rene Robles-Cedeño, Maria Buxò, Francisco José Ortega, Imma Gómez, Jordi Tomàs-Roig, Naiara Celarain, Luisa María Villar, Hector Perkal, José Manuel Fernández-Real, Ester Quintana and Lluís Ramió-Torrentà

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:220

    Content type: Research

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  11. Cytokines play multiple roles during neuro-inflammatory processes and several cytokines have been studied in the context of specific diseases. This study provides a comprehensive picture of cerebrospinal fluid...

    Authors: Gildas Lepennetier, Zsuzsanna Hracsko, Marina Unger, Martijn Van Griensven, Verena Grummel, Markus Krumbholz, Achim Berthele, Bernhard Hemmer and Markus C. Kowarik

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:219

    Content type: Research

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  12. The development of new therapeutic strategies to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is of utmost importance. The use of cyclic nitroxides such as tempol may provide neuroprotection and improve lifespan....

    Authors: Gabriela Bortolança Chiarotto, Luciana Politti Cartarozzi, Matheus Perez, Natalia Perussi Biscola, Aline Barroso Spejo, Fernanda Gubert, Marcondes França Junior, Rosália Mendez-Otero and Alexandre Leite Rodrigues de Oliveira

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:218

    Content type: Research

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  13. Microglial activation contributes to the development of chronic migraine (CM). The P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12R), a metabolic purinoceptor that is expressed on microglia in the central nervous system (CNS), has been...

    Authors: Feng Jing, Yixin Zhang, Ting Long, Wei He, Guangcheng Qin, Dunke Zhang, Lixue Chen and Jiying Zhou

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:217

    Content type: Research

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  14. Ischemic stroke is the major cause of long-term severe disability and death in aged population. Cell death in the infarcted region of the brain induces immune reaction leading to further progression of tissue ...

    Authors: Sylwia Dabrowska, Anna Andrzejewska, Damian Strzemecki, Maurizio Muraca, Miroslaw Janowski and Barbara Lukomska

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:216

    Content type: Research

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  15. In multiple sclerosis (MS) and in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS, the Nav1.6 voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channel isoform has been implicated as a primary contributor to axonal d...

    Authors: Barakat Alrashdi, Bassel Dawod, Andrea Schampel, Sabine Tacke, Stefanie Kuerten, Jean S. Marshall and Patrice D. Côté

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:215

    Content type: Research

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  16. Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD), a leading cause of neonatal mortality, has intractable sequela such as epilepsy that seriously affected the life quality of HIBD survivors. We have previously sho...

    Authors: Xin Wang, Xing-Liang Yang, Wei-Lin Kong, Meng-Liu Zeng, Lin Shao, Guang-Tong Jiang, Jing-Jing Cheng, Shuo Kong, Xiao-Hua He, Wan-Hong Liu, Tao-Xiang Chen and Bi-Wen Peng

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:214

    Content type: Research

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  17. Inflammatory mechanism has been implicated in delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and poor functional outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Identification of cytokine patterns associated with inflammation ...

    Authors: Sung-Ho Ahn, Jude P. J. Savarraj, Kaushik Parsha, Georgene W. Hergenroeder, Tiffany R. Chang, Dong H. Kim, Ryan S. Kitagawa, Spiros L. Blackburn and H. Alex Choi

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:213

    Content type: Research

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  18. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the world. Various studies have suggested that the immune response plays a key role in this pathology. While a predominantly pro-...

    Authors: Diana D. Álvarez-Luquín, Asiel Arce-Sillas, Jaquelín Leyva-Hernández, Edgar Sevilla-Reyes, Marie Catherine Boll, Esteban Montes-Moratilla, Viridiana Vivas-Almazán, Citzielli Pérez-Correa, Ulises Rodríguez-Ortiz, Raquel Espinoza-Cárdenas, Gladis Fragoso, Edda Sciutto and Laura Adalid-Peralta

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:212

    Content type: Research

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  19. Bacterial infection is a potential risk factor for depression. However, little is known about the mechanistic link between bacterial endotoxin and depressive-like behaviors. The aim of the present study was to...

    Authors: Jia Zhao, Lixing Lao, Wei Cui and Jianhui Rong

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:211

    Content type: Research

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  20. The continuum of pro- and anti-inflammatory response elicited by traumatic brain injury (TBI) is suggested to play a key role in the outcome of TBI; however, the underlying mechanisms remain ill -defined.

    Authors: Elizabeth A. Kowalski, Jiang Chen, Amanda Hazy, Lauren E. Fritsch, Erwin Kristobal Gudenschwager-Basso, Michael Chen, Xia Wang, Yun Qian, Mingjun Zhou, Matthew Byerly, Alicia M. Pickrell, John B. Matson, Irving Coy Allen and Michelle H. Theus

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:210

    Content type: Research

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  21. Paclitaxel is a widely used and potent chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer. However, patients receiving paclitaxel often develop an acute pain syndrome for which there are few treatment options....

    Authors: Xiaojuan Liu, Raquel Tonello, Yuejuan Ling, Yong-Jing Gao and Temugin Berta

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:209

    Content type: Research

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  22. Microglial cells are activated in response to changes in brain homeostasis during aging, dementia, and stroke. Type 2 endocannabinoid receptors (CB2) and translocator protein 18 kD (TSPO) are considered to ref...

    Authors: Satoru Yamagishi, Yurika Iga, Masato Nakamura, Chika Takizawa, Dai Fukumoto, Takeharu Kakiuchi, Shingo Nishiyama, Hiroyuki Ohba, Hideo Tsukada, Kohji Sato and Yasuomi Ouchi

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:208

    Content type: Research

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  23. Neuropathic pain is often observed in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) and spinal cord injury (SCI) and is not adequately alleviated by current pharmacotherapies. A better understanding of underlying m...

    Authors: Ersilia Mirabelli, Li Ni, Lun Li, Cigdem Acioglu, Robert F. Heary and Stella Elkabes

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:207

    Content type: Research

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  24. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) death after spinal cord injury (SCI) contributes to demyelination, even leading to a permanent neurological deficit. Besides apoptosis, our previous study demonstrated that OLs underwent...

    Authors: Hong Fan, Hai-Bin Tang, Le-Qun Shan, Shi-Chang Liu, Da-Geng Huang, Xun Chen, Zhe Chen, Ming Yang, Xin-Hua Yin, Hao Yang and Ding-Jun Hao

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:206

    Content type: Research

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  25. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a severe neuropathological disorder caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). Brain TBEV infection is characterized by extensive pathological neuroinflammation. The mecha...

    Authors: Petra Pokorna Formanova, Martin Palus, Jiri Salat, Vaclav Hönig, Michal Stefanik, Pavel Svoboda and Daniel Ruzek

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:205

    Content type: Research

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  26. Chronic pain often occurs in the elderly, particularly in the patients with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although studies indicate that chronic pain correlates with cognitive d...

    Authors: Song Cao, Daniel W. Fisher, Tain Yu and Hongxin Dong

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:204

    Content type: Review

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  27. Retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a clinical and research tool in multiple sclerosis, where it has shown significant retinal nerve fiber (RNFL) and ganglion cell (RGC) layer thinning, while postmor...

    Authors: Andrés Cruz-Herranz, Michael Dietrich, Alexander M. Hilla, Hao H. Yiu, Marc H. Levin, Christina Hecker, Andrea Issberner, Angelika Hallenberger, Christian Cordano, Klaus Lehmann-Horn, Lisanne J. Balk, Orhan Aktas, Jens Ingwersen, Charlotte von Gall, Hans-Peter Hartung, Scott S. Zamvil…

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:203

    Content type: Research

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  28. The thymus plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG). In patients with MG, natural regulatory T cells (nTreg), a subpopulation of T cells that maintain tolerance to self-antigens, a...

    Authors: Peng Zhang, Ru-Tao Liu, Tong Du, Chun-Lin Yang, Yu-Dong Liu, Meng-Ru Ge, Min Zhang, Xiao-Li Li, Heng Li, Ying-Chun Dou and Rui-Sheng Duan

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:202

    Content type: Research

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  29. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including those with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, have higher rates of psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety; however, the mechanism o...

    Authors: Kohei Takahashi, Osamu Nakagawasai, Wataru Nemoto, Takayo Odaira, Wakana Sakuma, Hiroshi Onogi, Hiroaki Nishijima, Ryuji Furihata, Yukio Nemoto, Hiroyuki Iwasa, Koichi Tan-No and Takeshi Tadano

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:201

    Content type: Research

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  30. Neuroinflammation can modulate brain development; however, the influence of an acute peripheral immune challenge on neuroinflammatory responses in the early postnatal brain is not well characterized. To addres...

    Authors: Matthew Bruce, Karin M. Streifel, Casey A. Boosalis, Luke Heuer, Eduardo A. González, Shuyang Li, Danielle J. Harvey, Pamela J. Lein and Judy Van de Water

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:200

    Content type: Research

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  31. Macrophage-derived high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) protein, plays a key role in the development of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) caused by pa...

    Authors: Maho Tsubota, Ryotaro Fukuda, Yusuke Hayashi, Takaya Miyazaki, Shin Ueda, Rika Yamashita, Nene Koike, Fumiko Sekiguchi, Hidenori Wake, Shuji Wakatsuki, Yuka Ujiie, Toshiyuki Araki, Masahiro Nishibori and Atsufumi Kawabata

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:199

    Content type: Research

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  33. Epilepsy, a common multifactorial neurological disease, affects about 69 million people worldwide constituting nearly 1% of the world population. Despite decades of extensive research on understanding its unde...

    Authors: Chitra Rawat, Samiksha Kukal, Ujjwal Ranjan Dahiya and Ritushree Kukreti

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:197

    Content type: Review

    Published on:

  34. The involvement of non-neuronal cells and the cells of innate immunity has been attributed to the initiation and progression of ALS. TDP-43 pathology is observed in a broad spectrum of ALS cases and is one of ...

    Authors: Javier H. Jara, Mukesh Gautam, Nuran Kocak, Edward F. Xie, Qinwen Mao, Eileen H. Bigio and P. Hande Özdinler

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:196

    Content type: Research

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  35. IL-10 knockout (KO) mice are protected from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) with low-dose estrogen (E2) treatment similar to wild-type (WT) mice. Previous studies have demonstrated a decrease i...

    Authors: Hilary A. Seifert, Grant Gerstner, Gail Kent, Arthur A. Vandenbark and Halina Offner

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:195

    Content type: Research

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  36. Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy causes life-long morbidity and premature mortality in term neonates. Therapies in addition to whole-body cooling are under development to treat the neonate at risk for HI e...

    Authors: Nozha Borjini, Sandra Sivilia, Alessandro Giuliani, Mercedes Fernandez, Luciana Giardino, Fabrizio Facchinetti and Laura Calzà

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:194

    Content type: Research

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  37. Patients with pre-existing neurodegenerative disease commonly experience fractures that require orthopedic surgery. Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND), including delirium and postoperative cognitive ...

    Authors: Patrick Miller-Rhodes, Cuicui Kong, Gurpreet S. Baht, Priyanka Saminathan, Ramona M. Rodriguiz, William C. Wetsel, Harris A. Gelbard and Niccolò Terrando

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:193

    Content type: Research

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  38. Neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption are two vital mechanisms of secondary brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Recently, melanocortin-1 receptor (Mc1r) activation by Nl...

    Authors: Xuan Wu, Siming Fu, Yun Liu, Hansheng Luo, Feng Li, Yiying Wang, Meng Gao, Yuan Cheng and Zongyi Xie

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:192

    Content type: Research

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  39. Targeting angiogenesis has been and continues to be an attractive therapeutic modality in glioblastoma (GBM) patients. However, GBM rapidly becomes refractory to anti-VEGF therapies. Myeloid cell infiltration is ...

    Authors: Aurélie Soubéran, Sophie Brustlein, Caroline Gouarné, Lionel Chasson, Aurélie Tchoghandjian, Marie Malissen and Geneviève Rougon

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:191

    Content type: Research

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  40. The FDA-approved small-molecule drug dasatinib is currently used as a treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, the effects of dasatinib on microglial and/or astrocytic neuroinflammatory responses...

    Authors: Ka-Young Ryu, Hyun-ju Lee, Hanwoong Woo, Ri-Jin Kang, Kyung-Min Han, HyunHee Park, Sang Min Lee, Ju-Young Lee, Yoo Joo Jeong, Hyun-Wook Nam, Youngpyo Nam and Hyang-Sook Hoe

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:190

    Content type: Research

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  41. Prostatodynia is the main symptom of chronic prostatitis and the main reason that patients go to the hospital for treatment. Although a variety of factors, including inflammatory immune response, nervous syste...

    Authors: Guo-Chuang Deng, Ming Lu, Ya-Yu Zhao, Ying Yuan and Gang Chen

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:189

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  42. The glial response in multiple sclerosis (MS), especially for recruitment and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), predicts the success of remyelination of MS plaques and return of funct...

    Authors: Tianci Chu, Yi Ping Zhang, Zhisen Tian, Chuyuan Ye, Mingming Zhu, Lisa B. E. Shields, Maiying Kong, Gregory N. Barnes, Christopher B. Shields and Jun Cai

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:188

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  43. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor activated by environmental agonists and dietary tryptophan metabolites for the immune response and cell cycle regulation. Emerging...

    Authors: Wan-Ci Chen, Li-Hsin Chang, Shiang-Suo Huang, Yu-Jie Huang, Chun-Lien Chih, Hung-Chih Kuo, Yi-Hsuan Lee and I-Hui Lee

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:187

    Content type: Research

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  44. Blood markers indicative of neurodegeneration (neurofilament light chain; NFL), Alzheimer’s disease amyloid pathology (amyloid-β; Aβ), and neuroinflammation (kynurenine pathway; KP metabolites) have been inves...

    Authors: Pratishtha Chatterjee, Henrik Zetterberg, Kathryn Goozee, Chai K. Lim, Kelly R. Jacobs, Nicholas J. Ashton, Abdul Hye, Steve Pedrini, Hamid R. Sohrabi, Tejal Shah, Prita R. Asih, Preeti Dave, Kaikai Shen, Kevin Taddei, David B. Lovejoy, Gilles J. Guillemin…

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:186

    Content type: Research

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  45. Oxidative stress and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic modulation influence intracranial aneurysm (IA) formation and progression. Oxidative stress plays an important role in phenotype switching, an...

    Authors: Yuan Shi, Sichen Li, Yaying Song, Peixi Liu, Zixiao Yang, Yingjun Liu, Kai Quan, Guo Yu, Zhiyuan Fan and Wei Zhu

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:185

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  46. Glaucoma is a complex, multifactorial disease where apoptosis, microglia activation, and inflammation have been linked to the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and axon degeneration. We demonstrated previ...

    Authors: Anitha Krishnan, Andrew J. Kocab, David N. Zacks, Ann Marshak-Rothstein and Meredith Gregory-Ksander

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:184

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  47. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is well known for activating the innate immune system; however, it is also highly expressed in adaptive immune cells, such as CD4+ T-helper 17 (Th17) cells, which play a key role in mu...

    Authors: Xuebin Qu, Jingjing Han, Ying Zhang, Xingqi Wang, Hongbin Fan, Fang Hua and Ruiqin Yao

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:183

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  48. Since HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs) occur in up to half of HIV-positive individuals, even with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), adjunctive therapies are needed. Chronic CNS inflammatio...

    Authors: Christina Gavegnano, Woldeab B. Haile, Selwyn Hurwitz, Sijia Tao, Yong Jiang, Raymond F. Schinazi and William R. Tyor

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:182

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  49. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) initiates endogenous protective pathways in the brain from a distance and represents a new, promising paradigm in neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I...

    Authors: Weidong Liang, Chunshui Lin, Liuqing Yuan, Li Chen, Peipei Guo, Ping Li, Wei Wang and Xin Zhang

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:181

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  50. The endotoxin hypothesis of neurodegeneration is the hypothesis that endotoxin causes or contributes to neurodegeneration. Endotoxin is a lipopolysaccharide (LPS), constituting much of the outer membrane of gr...

    Authors: Guy C. Brown

    Citation: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:180

    Content type: Review

    Published on:

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Journal of Neuroinflammation

ISSN: 1742-2094