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Approximately 70% of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients have co-morbid vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID); this highly prevalent overlap of dementia subtypes is known as mixed de...
The mechanisms by which glia respond to viral central nervous system (CNS) pathogens are now becoming apparent with the demonstration that microglia and astrocytes express an array of pattern recognition recep...
The mechanism by which adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) damages the hypothalamus is still unclear. Cyst fluid rich in lipids and inflammatory factors is a characteristic pathological manifestation of A...
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease. PD etiopathogenesis is multifactorial and not yet fully known, however, the scientific world advised the establishment of neuroin...
This study investigated the relationships of neutrophil count (NC), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD).
The important contribution of glia to mechanisms of injury and repair of the nervous system is increasingly recognized. In stark contrast to the central nervous system (CNS), the peripheral nervous system (PNS...
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is defined as a low-grade proinflammatory state in which abnormal metabolic and cardiovascular factors increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and neuroinflammation. Even...
c-Met, a tyrosine kinase receptor, is the unique receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). The HGF/c-Met axis is reported to modulate cell migration, maturation, cytokine production, and antigen presentatio...
Spinal cord injury (SCI) elicits a robust neuroinflammatory reaction which, in turn, exacerbates the initial mechanical damage. Pivotal players orchestrating this response are macrophages (Mφs) and microglia. ...
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Sepsis causes cerebral dysfunction in the short and long term and induces disruption of the blood–brain barri...
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging flavivirus of global concern. ZIKV infection of the central nervous system has been linked to a variety of clinical syndromes, including microcephaly in fetuses and rare but se...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that impacts nearly 400 million people worldwide. The accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) in the brain has historically been associated with AD...
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterized by progressive loss of certain populations of neurons, which eventually lead to dysfunction. These diseases include Alzheimer’s disease (AD), P...
Macrophages are present in all mammalian tissues and coexist with various cell types in order to respond to different environmental cues. However, the role of these cells has been underestimated in the context...
Elevated production of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 or interferon (IFN)-α in the central nervous system (CNS) is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases such as neuromyelitis optica spectru...
Excessively deposited fibrotic scar after spinal cord injury (SCI) inhibits axon regeneration. It has been reported that platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ), as a marker of fibrotic scar-form...
Development of neurodegeneration in older people has been associated with microglial cell activation triggered by systemic infection. We hypothesize that α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) plays an ...
Friedreich’s ataxia is a rare hereditary neurodegenerative disease caused by decreased levels of the mitochondrial protein frataxin. Similar to other neurodegenerative pathologies, previous studies suggested t...
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) are common complications observed among surgical patients. Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is one of the major contributors to the developmen...
The mechanisms underlying dysfunction of choroid plexus (ChP) blood–cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier and lymphocyte invasion in neuroinflammatory responses to stroke are not well understood. In this study, we...
Corneal immune cells interact with corneal sensory nerves during both homeostasis and inflammation. This study sought to evaluate temporal changes to corneal immune cell density in a mouse model of epithelial ...
Myasthenic crisis (MC) and disease exacerbation in myasthenia gravis (MG) are associated with significant lethality and continue to impose a high disease burden on affected patients. Therefore, we sought to de...
Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2), which reflects microglia activation, has been reported closely associated with neuronal injury and neuroinflammation. We aimed to prospectivel...
Chronic morphine exposure induces immunosuppression in the peripheral and central nervous system, resulting in susceptibility of patients to invading pathogens. Mitophagy is a crucial regulator of inflammation...
Despite rigorous confirmation with reliable assays, some individuals showing the neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) phenotype remain negative for both aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and myelin oligodendrocyte ...
Angiostrongylus cantonensis is also known as rat lungworm. Infection with this parasite is a zoonosis that can cause eosinophilic meningitis and/or eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in humans and may lead to fatal...
miR-203 was first indicated in maintaining skin homeostasis and innate immunity. Aberrant expression of miR-203 was found associated with pathological progressions of immune disorders, cancers, as well as neur...
Ischemic stroke is a medical emergency that primarily affects the elderly. A complex immune response in the post-stroke brain constitutes a key component of stroke pathophysiology. This study aimed to determin...
Neuroinflammation is a crucial factor in the development of secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Irisin is a newly identified myokine that confers strong neuroprotective effects in expe...
Microglia participate in the immune response upon central nervous system (CNS) infections. However, the role of these cells during herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) has not been fully characterized. We sought ...
Neuroinflammation in spinal dorsal horn (SDH) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs)...
Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been described as a biomarker for microglial activation, which were observed increased in a variety of neurolo...
Macular subretinal fibrosis is the end-stage complication of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). We previously developed a mouse model of two-stage laser-induced subretinal fibrosis that mimic...
Cognitive impairment is one of the primary sequelae affecting the quality of life of patients with Japanese encephalitis (JE). The clinical treatment is mainly focused on life support, lacking of targeted trea...
Poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is prevalent in stroke patients. The etiology of PSCI remains largely unknown. We previously found that stroke induces gut microbiota dysbiosis which affects brain injury...
Ketamine, a multimodal dissociative anesthetic drug, is widely used as an analgesic following traumatic injury. Although ketamine may produce anti-inflammatory effects when administered after injury, the immun...
We recently reported increased levels of neutrophils, monocytes and C-reactive protein (CRP) correlated with symptom severity in acute schizophrenia. Here, we investigated if a similar pattern of innate immune...
Behavioral comorbidities, such as anxiety and depression, are a prominent feature of IBD. The signals from the inflamed gut that cause changes in the brain leading to these behavioral comorbidities remain to b...
Cigarette smoking (CS) is the leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The “spill-over” of pulmonary inflammation into the systemic circulation may damage the brain, leading to cognitive ...
After traumatic brain injury (TBI), an acute, robust inflammatory cascade occurs that is characterized by the activation of resident cells such as microglia, the migration and recruitment of peripheral immune ...
The etiology of Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE), a rare chronic neurological disorder characterized by CD8+ T cell infiltration and unihemispheric brain atrophy, is still unknown. Various human herpes viruses (H...
Nod-like receptors (NLRs) are critical to innate immune activation and induction of adaptive T cell responses. Yet, their role in autoinflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) remains incomplet...
Peripheral nerve injuries are accompanied by inflammatory reactions, over-activation of which may hinder recovery. Among pro-inflammatory pathways, inflammasomes are one of the most potent, leading to release ...
Inflammation induced by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the main causes of the high mortality and poor prognosis of patients with ICH. A1 astrocytes are closely associated with neuroinflammation and n...
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) can induce fatal encephalitis. Cellular factors regulate the host immunity to affect the severity of HSV-1 encephalitis. Recent reports focus on the significance of thrombomoduli...
Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase 5 (MT5-MMP) deficiency in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) reduces brain neuroinflammation and amyloidosis, and prevents deficits in synaptic activity an...
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication following anesthesia and surgery. General anesthetic isoflurane has potential neurotoxicity and induces cognitive impairments, but the exact ...
Glaucoma is a blinding degenerative neuropathy in which the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) causes progressive loss of visual field and eventually vision. Neuroinflammation appears to be a key event in ...
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) attacks require an urgent probabilistic anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategy. As inadequately treated attacks result in disability, there is a need to identify ...
Vacuolar sorting protein 35 (VPS35), a key component of the retromer, plays an essential role in selectively retrieval of transmembrane proteins from endosomes to trans-Golgi networks. Dysfunctional retromer i...
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Journal of Neuroinflammation