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We review data showing that peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) that involve the loss of a nerve segment are the most common type of traumatic injury to nervous systems. Segmental-loss PNIs have a poor prognosis ...
The transcription factor Sox2 plays important roles in the developmental processes of multiple organs and tissues. However, whether Sox2 can protect mature or terminally differentiated cells against injury is ...
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease characterised by the loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Increasing evidence indicates that neuroinflammation mediated by mi...
Peripheral neuropathy is a common and progressive disorder in the elderly that interferes with daily activities. It is of importance to find efficient treatments to treat or delay this age-related neurodegener...
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of the CAG repeat in the huntingtin (HTT) gene. When the number of CAG repeats exceeds 36, the translated expanded polyglutamine-c...
Classical understanding of allergic conjunctivitis (ACJ) suggests that ocular itch results from a mast cell-dependent inflammatory process. However, treatments that target inflammatory mediators or immune cell...
In the field of autoimmune demyelinating diseases, visual impairments have extensively been studied using the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model, which is classically induced by immuni...
Immune system dysfunction, including higher levels of peripheral monocytes and inflammatory cytokines, is an important feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathogenesis, although the mechanism underlying the pr...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common autoimmune disorders characterized by the infiltration of immune cells into the brain and demyelination. The unwanted immunosuppressive side effect of therapeu...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a kind of acquired brain injury, which is caused by external mechanical forces. Moreover, the neuroprotective role of sevoflurane (Sevo) has been identified in TBI. Therefore, t...
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons leading to impaired striatal dopamine signaling, α-synuclein- (α-syn-) rich inclusions, and neuroinflammation. Degenerating ...
The original article was published in Journal of Neuroinflammation 2020 17:155
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a significant cause of death and disabilities. Recently, cell therapies using mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to improve ICH-induced neurobehavioral deficits. Based on ...
Ischemic stroke induces the activation and recruitment of peripheral leukocytes to the injured brain. These cells can infiltrate the brain through multiple routes, either by penetrating blood–brain barrier or ...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the main causes for disability and death worldwide. While the primary mechanical injury cannot be avoided, the prevention of secondary injury is the focus of TBI res...
There are over 15 disease-modifying drugs that have been approved over the last 20 years for the treatment of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), but there are limited treatment options available for ...
Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by demyelination and concomitant axonal loss. The lack of a single specific test, and the simila...
Tissue damage and cellular destruction are the major events in traumatic brain injury (TBI), which trigger sterile neuroimmune and neuroinflammatory responses in the brain. While appropriate acute and transien...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disabling disease of the central nervous system (CNS) commonly affecting young adults. There is increasing evidence that environmental factors are important in the developm...
The inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) have been considered crucial components of the pathogenesis of depression. Edaravone (EDA), a free radical scavenger, processes strong biological activities including...
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus that affects many regions of the world. Infection, in utero, causes microcephaly and later developmental and neurologic impairments. The impact of ZIKV in...
Mounting evidences indicate that oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and dysregulation of gut microbiota are related to neurodegenerative disorders (NDs). Butyrolactone I (BTL-I), a marine fungal metabolite, ...
Alzheimer’s disease is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. TAM receptor tyrosine kinases (Tyro3, Axl, MerTK) are known for their role in engagement of phagocytosis and modulation of inflammation, and rece...
The Correction to this article has been published in Journal of Neuroinflammation 2023 20:254
Neuroinflammation and apoptosis are involved in the pathogenesis of ischaemic stroke. Alisol A 24-acetate (24A) exerts a strong inhibitory effect on inflammation and cell apoptosis. The neuroprotective effect ...
Paediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is recognised to have significant longer-term neurocognitive effects. Childhood is a time of high risk for head injury. Functional recovery is variable with a combinatio...
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive ability. Exosomes derived from bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-exos) are extracellular vesic...
The role of physical exercise in the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been widely studied. Microglia play an important role in AD. Triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is expresse...
Previous studies have shown that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) can attenuate inflammatory responses in peripheral tissues and also improve some neurological disorders and cognitive function in the brain. Howev...
The Correction to this article has been published in Journal of Neuroinflammation 2022 19:175
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a public health concern that results in sensory and motor disorders as well as neuropathic pain and secondary lesions. Currently, effective treatments for PNI are still limited...
The neuropathological background of major depression and anxiety as non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease is much less understood than classical motor symptoms. Although, neurodegeneration of the Edinger–W...
Astrocytes and microglia react to Aβ plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neurodegeneration in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain. Single-nuclei and single-cell RNA-seq have revealed multiple states or subpop...
Systemic inflammation is a potent contributor to increased seizure susceptibility. However, information regarding the effects of systemic inflammation on cerebral vascular integrity that influence neuron excit...
Recent evidences have suggested the involvement of toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 in the pathogenesis of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM). Elevated frequency of TLR+T-cells has been associated with neurological...
Resolution of inflammation is an active and regulated process that leads to the clearance of cell debris and immune cells from the challenged tissue, facilitating the recovery of homeostasis. This physiologica...
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Its molecular mechanism is still unclear, and pharmacological treatments are unsatisfactory. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV...
The development of morphine tolerance is a clinical challenge for managing severe pain. Studies have shown that neuroinflammation is a critical aspect for the development of analgesic tolerance. We found that ...
In conditions of brain injury and degeneration, defining microglial and astrocytic activation using cellular markers alone remains a challenging task. We developed the MORPHIOUS software package, an unsupervis...
Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has been reported to directly bind with 5-HT2B receptor (5-HT2BR), but the precise mechanisms, whereby fluoxetine confers the anti-depressive actions via 5-HT
The pathogenic contribution of neuroinflammation to ictogenesis and epilepsy may provide a therapeutic target for reduction of seizure burden in patients that are currently underserved by traditional anti-seiz...
Understanding the pathophysiology of central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS-TB) is hampered by the lack of a good pre-clinical model that mirrors the human CNS-TB infection. We developed a murine CNS-TB mode...
The Correction to this article has been published in Journal of Neuroinflammation 2022 19:197
Fluorescent reporter labeling and promoter-driven Cre-recombinant technologies have facilitated cellular investigations of physiological and pathological processes, including the widespread use of the Cx3cr1CreER...
Comprehensive data on the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) profile in patients with COVID-19 and neurological involvement from large-scale multicenter studies are missing so far.
The original article was published in Journal of Neuroinflammation 2021 18:153
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a highly successful parasite being able to cross all biological barriers of the body, finally reaching the central nervous system (CNS). Previous studies have highlighted the crit...
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease of the motor neuron system associated with both genetic and environmental risk factors. Infection with enteroviruses, including poliovir...
The original article was published in Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:2
The original article was published in Journal of Neuroinflammation 2019 16:10
Postviral olfactory dysfunction (PVOD) following a viral upper respiratory tract infection (URI) is one of the most common causes of olfactory disorders, often lasting for over a year. To date, the molecular p...
Innate immune pre-stimulation can prevent the development of depression-like behaviors in chronically stressed mice; however, whether the same stimulation prevents the development of anxiety-like behaviors in ...
Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids highly enriched in the brain, with important roles in cell signaling, cell-to-cell communication, and immunomodulation. Genetic defects in the ganglioside biosynthetic pathw...
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Journal of Neuroinflammation