Bruce-Keller AJ, Keller JN, Morrison CD: Obesity and vulnerability of the CNS. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008
Google Scholar
Oh-I S, Thaler JP, Ogimoto K, Wisse BE, Morton GJ, Schwartz MW: Central administration of interleukin-4 exacerbates hypothalamic inflammation and weight gain during high-fat feeding. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2010, 299: E47-E53. 10.1152/ajpendo.00026.2010.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
De Souza CT, Araujo EP, Bordin S, Ashimine R, Zollner RL, Boschero AC, Saad MJ, Velloso LA: Consumption of a fat-rich diet activates a proinflammatory response and induces insulin resistance in the hypothalamus. Endocrinology. 2005, 146: 4192-4199. 10.1210/en.2004-1520.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Telang F, Fowler JS, Goldstein RZ, Alia-Klein N, Logan J, Wong C, Thanos PK, Ma Y, Pradhan K: Inverse Association Between BMI and Prefrontal Metabolic Activity in Healthy Adults. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009, 17: 60-65. 10.1038/oby.2008.469.
Article
Google Scholar
Ward MA, Carlsson CM, Trivedi MA, Sager MA, Johnson SC: The effect of body mass index on global brain volume in middle-aged adults: a cross sectional study. BMC Neurol. 2005, 5: 23-31. 10.1186/1471-2377-5-23.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gustafson D, Steen B, Skoog I: Body mass index and white matter lesions in elderly women. An 18-year longitudinal study. Int J Psychogeriatr. 2004, 16: 327-336. 10.1017/S1041610204000353.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Gustafson D, Lissner L, Bengtsson C, Bjo¨rkelund C, Skoog I: A 24-year follow-up of body mass index and cerebral atrophy. Neurology. 2004, 63: 1876-1881.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mrak RE: Alzheimer-type neuropathological changes in morbidly obese elderly individuals. Clinical Neuropathology. 2009, 28: 40-45.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jurdak N, Lichtenstein AH, Kanarek RB: Diet-induced obesity and spatial cognition in young male rats. Nutr Neurosci. 2008, 11: 48-54. 10.1179/147683008X301333.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wu A, Molteni R, Ying Z, Gomez-Pinilla F: A saturated-fat diet aggravates the outcome of traumatic brain injury on hippocampal plasticity and cognitive function by reducing brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Neuroscience. 2003, 119: 365-375. 10.1016/S0306-4522(03)00154-4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Studzinski C, Li F, Bruce-Keller A, Fernandez-Kim S, Zhang L, Weidner A, Markesbery W, Murphy M, Keller J: Effects of shrot-term Western diet on cerebral oxidative stress and diabetes related factors in APP X PS1 knock-in mice. J Neurochem. 2009, 108: 860-866. 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05798.x.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wu A, Ying Z, Gomez-Pinilla F: Oxidative stress modulates Sir2alpha in rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Eur J Neurosci. 2006, 23: 2573-2580. 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04807.x.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yehuda S, Rabinovitzi S, Mostofsky D: Mediation of cognitive function by high fat diet following stress and inflammation. Nutritional Neuroscience. 2005, 309: 309-315.
Article
Google Scholar
Willcox BJ, Willcox DC, Ferrucci L: Secrets of healthy aging and longevity from exceptional survivors around the globe: lessons from octogenarians to supercentenarians. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008, 63: 1181-1185.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Willcox DC, Willcox BJ, Shimajiri S, Kurechi S, Suzuki M: Aging gracefully: a retrospective analysis of functional status in Okinawan centenarians. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2007, 15: 252-256. 10.1097/JGP.0b013e31803190cc.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Abascal K, Yarnell E: Using bitter melon to treat diabetes. Alternative and Complemetary Medicine. 2005, 179-184.
Google Scholar
Chen Q, Chan LL, Li ET: Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) reduces adiposity, lowers serum insulin and normalizes glucose tolerance in rats fed a high fat diet. J Nutr. 2003, 133: 1088-1093.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shih CC, Lin CH, Lin WL: Effects of Momordica charantia on insulin resistance and visceral obesity in mice on high-fat diet. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2008, 81: 134-143. 10.1016/j.diabres.2008.04.023.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nerurkar PV, Lee YK, Motosue M, Adeli K, Nerurkar VR: Momordica charantia (bitter melon) reduces plasma apolipoprotein B-100 and increases hepatic insulin receptor substrate and phosphoinositide-3 kinase interactions. Br J Nutr. 2008, 100: 751-759.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Raza H, Ahmed I, John A, Sharma AK: Modulation of xenobiotic metabolism and oxidative stress in chronic streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed with Momordica charantia fruit extract. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2000, 14: 131-139. 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0461(2000)14:3<131::AID-JBT2>3.0.CO;2-Q.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lin J-Y, Tang C-Y: Strawberry, loquat, mulberry, and bitter melon juices exhibit prophylactic effects on LPS-induced inflammation using murine peritoneal macrophages. Food Chemistry. 2008, 107: 1587-1596. 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.10.025.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Yao Y, Tsirka SE: Truncation of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 by plasmin promotes blood-brain barrier disruption. Journal of Cell Science. 2011, 124: 1486-1495. 10.1242/jcs.082834.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Man S-M, Ma Y-R, Shang D-S, Zhao W-D, Li B, Guo D-W, Fang W-G, Zhu L, Chen Y-H: Peripheral T cells overexpress MIP-1α to enhance its transendothelial migration in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Aging. 2007, 28: 485-496. 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.02.013.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Louboutin J-P, Chekmasova A, Marusich E, Agrawal L, Strayer DS: Role of CCR5 and its ligands in the control of vascular inflammation and leukocyte recruitment required for acute excitotoxic seizure induction and neural damage. The FASEB Journal. 2011, 25: 737-753. 10.1096/fj.10-161851.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Uyama O, Okamura N, Yanase M, Narita M, Kawabata K, Sugita M: Quantitative evaluation of vascular permeability in the gerbil brain after transient ischemia using Evans blue fluorescence. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1988, 8: 282-284. 10.1038/jcbfm.1988.59.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chen X, Ghribi O, Geiger JD: Caffeine protects against disruptions of the blood-brain barrier in animal models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. J Alzheimers Dis. 2010, 20 (Suppl 1): 127-141.
Google Scholar
Verma S, Ziegler K, Ananthula P, Co JK, Frisque RJ, Yanagihara R, Nerurkar VR: JC virus induces altered patterns of cellular gene expression: interferon-inducible genes as major transcriptional targets. Virology. 2006, 345: 457-467. 10.1016/j.virol.2005.10.012.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hissin PJ, Hilf R: A fluorometric method for determination of oxidized and reduced glutathione in tissues. Anal Biochem. 1976, 74: 214-226. 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90326-2.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lim ST, Dragull K, Tang CS, Bittenbender HC, Efird JT, Nerurkar PV: Effects of kava alkaloid, pipermethystine, and kavalactones on oxidative stress and cytochrome P450 in F-344 rats. Toxicol Sci. 2007, 97: 214-221. 10.1093/toxsci/kfm035.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Liebrich M, Guo L-H, Schluesener HJ, Schwab JM, Dietz K, Will BE, Meyermann R: Expression of interleukin-16 by tumor-associated macrophages/activated microglia in high-grade astrocytic brain tumors. Arch Immunol Ther Exp. 2007, 55: 41-47. 10.1007/s00005-007-0003-0.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kebir H, Kreymborg K, Ifergan I, Dodelet-Devillers A, Cayrol R, Bernard M, Giuliani F, Arbour N, Becher B, Prat A: Human TH17 lymphocytes promote blood-brain barrier disruption and central nervous system inflammation. Nature Med. 2007, 13: 1173-1175. 10.1038/nm1651.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Takechi R, Galloway S, Pallebage-Gamarallage MMS, Lam V, Mamo JCL: Dietary fats, cerebrovasculature integrity and Alzheimer's disease risk. Progress in Lipid Res. 2010, 49: 159-170. 10.1016/j.plipres.2009.10.004.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Velloso LA: The brain is the conductor: diet-induced inflammation overlapping physiological control of body mass and metabolism. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2009, 53/2: 151-158.
Google Scholar
Baran S, Cambell A, Kleen J, Foltz C, Wright R, Diamond D, Conrad C: Combination of high fat diet and chronic stress retracts hippocampal dendrites. Neuroreport. 2005, 16: 39-43. 10.1097/00001756-200501190-00010.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lindqvist A, Mohapel P, Bouter B, Frielingsdorf H, Pizzo D, Brundin P, Erlanson-Albertsson C: High-fat diet impairs hippocampal neurogenesis in male rats. Eur J Neurol. 2006, 13: 1385-1388. 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01500.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zhang X, Zhang G, Zhang H, Karin M, Bai H, Cai D: Hypothalamic IKKbeta/NF-kappaB and ER stress link overnutrition to energy imbalance and obesity. Cell. 2008, 135: 61-73. 10.1016/j.cell.2008.07.043.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Granholma A-C, Bimonte-Nelsonb HA, Moorea AB, Nelsona ME, Freemana LR, Sambamurtia K: Effects of a Saturated Fat and High Cholesterol Diet on Memory and Hippocampal Morphology in the Middle-Aged Rat. J Alzheimers Dis. 2008, 14: 133-145.
Google Scholar
Thaler JP, Schwartz MW: Inflammation and obesity pathogenesis: The hypothalamus heats up. Endocrinology. 2010
Google Scholar
Krause DL, M¨uller N: Neuroinflammation, Microglia and Implications for Anti-Inflammatory Treatment in Alzheimer's Disease. International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 2010
Google Scholar
Greenwood CE, Winocur G: High-fat diets, insulin resistance and declining cognitive function. Neurobiol Aging. 2005, 26: 42-45. 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.08.017.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Laye S: Polyunsaturated fatty acids, neuroinflammation and well being. Prostaglandins, LeukotrienesandEssentialFattyAcids. 2010, 82: 295-303.
CAS
Google Scholar
Stolp HB, Dziegielewska KM: Review: Role of developmental inflammation and blood-brain barrier dysfunction in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology. 2009, 35: 132-146. 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2008.01005.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Krause DL, Miller N: Neuroinflammation, Microglia and Implications for Anti-Inflammatory Treatment in Alzheimer's Disease. International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 2010
Google Scholar
Schwab JM, Nguyen TD, Meyermann R, Schluesener HJ: Human focal cerebral infarctions induce differential lesional interleukin-16 (IL-16) expression confined to infiltrating granulocytes, 1 CD8 T-lymphocytes and activated microglia / macrophages. Journal of Neuroimmunology. 2001, 114: 232-241. 10.1016/S0165-5728(00)00433-1.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Malik ZA, Singh M, Sharma PL: Neuroprotective effect of Momordica charantia in global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion induced neuronal damage in diabetic mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010
Google Scholar
Shin JH, Shin DW, Noh M: Interleukin-17A inhibits adipocyte differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells and regulates pro-inflammatory responses in adipocytes. Biochemical Pharmacology. 2009, 77: 1835-1844. 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.03.008.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fabry Z, Schreiber HA, Harris MG, Sandor M: Sensing the microenvironment of the central nervous system: immune cells in the central nervous system and their pharmacological manipulation. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2008, 8: 496-507. 10.1016/j.coph.2008.07.009.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Liu L, Yang P, He H, Lin X, Jiang L, Chi W: Leptin increases in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease and promotes cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokine secretion. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008, 92: 557-561. 10.1136/bjo.2007.128769.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Murphy AC, Lalor SJ, Lynch MA, Mills KHG: Infiltration of Th1 and Th17 cells and activation of microglia in the CNS during the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2010, 24: 641-651. 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.01.014.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Peron JPS, Yang K, Chen M-L, Brandao WN, Basso AS, Commondaro AG, Weiner HL, Rozzo LV: Oral tolerance reduces Th17 cells as well as the overall inflammation in the central nervous system of EAE mice. J Neuroimmunology. 2010
Google Scholar
Wekerle H, Sun D, Oropeza-Wekerle RL, Meyermann R: Immune reactivity in the nervous system: modulation of T-lymphocyte activation by glial cells. J Exp Biol. 1987, 132: 43-57.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Winer S, Palster G, Chan Y, Tsui H, Engleman E, Winer D, Dosch H-M: Obesity predisposes to Th17 bias. Eur J Immunol. 2009, 39: 2629-2635. 10.1002/eji.200838893.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Miller AM, Asquith DL, Hueber AJ, Anderson LA, Holmes WM, McKenzie AN, Xu D, Sattar N, McInnes IB, Liew FY: Interleukin-33 induces protective effects in adipose tissue inflammation during obesity in mice. Circ Res. 2010, 107: 650-658. 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.218867.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Laske C, Stransky E, Hoffmann N, Maetzler W, Straten G, Eschweiler GW, Leyhe T: Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) in plasma and CSF of patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2010, 7: 409-414. 10.2174/156720510791383813.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Engelhardt B: Molecular mechanisms involved in T cell migration across the blood-brain barrier. J Neural transm. 2006, 113: 477-485. 10.1007/s00702-005-0409-y.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wang D-d, Zhao Y-f, Wang G-y, Sun B, Kong Q-f, Zhao K, Zhang Y, Wang J-h, Liu Y-m, Mu L-l, et al: IL-17 potentiates neuronal injury induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation and affects neuronal IL-17 receptor expression. Journal of Neuroimmunology. 2009, 212: 17-25. 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.04.007.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Delgado M, Varela N, Gonzalez-Rey E: Vasoactive intestinal peptide protects against beta-amyloid-induced neurodegeneration by inhibiting microglia activation at multiple levels. Glia. 2008, 56: 1091-1103. 10.1002/glia.20681.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wu A, Ying Z, Gomez-Pinilla F: The interplay between oxidative stress and brain-derived neurotrophic factor modulates the outcome of a saturated fat diet on synaptic plasticity and cognition. Euro J Neurosci. 2004, 19: 1699-1707. 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03246.x.
Article
Google Scholar
Ray SD, Lam TS, Rotollo JA, Phadke S, Patel C, Dontabhaktuni A, Mohammad S, Lee H, Strika S, Dobrogowska A, et al: Oxidative stress is the master operator of drug and chemically-induced programmed and unprogrammed cell death: Implications of natural antioxidants in vivo. Biofactors. 2004, 21: 223-232. 10.1002/biof.552210144.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sathishsekar D, Subramanian S: Antioxidant properties of Momordica Charantia (bitter gourd) seeds on Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2005, 14: 153-158.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hatayama T, Yamagishi N, Moinobe E, Sakai K: Role of hsp105 in Protection against Stress-Induced Apoptosis in Neuronal PC12 Cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001, 288: 528-534. 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5802.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ohtsuka K, Siuzuki T: Roles of molecular chaperones in the nervous system. Brain Research Bulletin. 2000, 53: 141-146. 10.1016/S0361-9230(00)00325-7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Salminen A, Ojala J, Huuskonen J, Kauppinen A, Suuronen T, Kaarniranta K: Interaction of aging-associated signaling cascades: inhibition of NF-kappaB signaling by longevity factors FoxOs and SIRT1. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2008, 65: 1049-1058. 10.1007/s00018-008-7461-3.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gan L, Mucke L: Paths of convergence: sirtuins in aging and neurodegeneration. Neuron. 2008, 58: 10-14. 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.03.015.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chen D, Steele AD, Hutter G, Bruno J, Govindarajan A, Easlon E, Lin SJ, Aguzzi A, Lindquist S, Guarente L: The role of calorie restriction and SIRT1 in prion-mediated neurodegeneration. Exp Gerontol. 2008, 43: 1086-1093. 10.1016/j.exger.2008.08.050.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yang Y, Hubbard BP, Sinclair DA, Tong Q: Characterization of murine SIRT3 transcript variants and corresponding protein products. J Cell Biochem. 2010
Google Scholar
Brunet A, Sweeney LB, Sturgill JF, Chua KF, Greer PL, Lin Y, Tran H, Ross SE, Mostoslavsky R, Cohen HY, et al: Stress-dependent regulation of FOXO transcription factors by the SIRT1 deacetylase. Science. 2004, 303: 2011-2015. 10.1126/science.1094637.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kobayashi Y, Furukawa-Hibi Y, Chen C, Horio Y, Isobe K, Ikeda K, Motoyama N: SIRT1 is critical regulator of FOXO-mediated transcription in response to oxidative stress. Int J Mol Med. 2005, 16: 237-243.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zheng WH, Kar S, Quirion R: Insulin-like growth factor-1-induced phosphorylation of transcription factor FKHRL1 is mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt kinase and role of this pathway in insulin-like growth factor-1-induced survival of cultured hippocampal neurons. Mol Pharmacol. 2002, 62: 225-233. 10.1124/mol.62.2.225.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maiese K, Chong ZZ, Shang YC: "Sly as a FOXO": new paths with Forkhead signaling in the brain. Curr Neurovasc Res. 2007, 4: 295-302. 10.2174/156720207782446306.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Manabe M, Takenaka R, Nakasa T, Okinaka O: Induction of anti-inflammatory responses by dietary Momordica charantia L. (bitter gourd). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2003, 67: 2512-2517. 10.1271/bbb.67.2512.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Horax R, Hettiarachchy N, Chen P: Extraction, quantification, and antioxidant activities of phenolics from pericarp and seeds of bitter melons (Momordica charantia) harvested at three maturity stages (Immature, mature, and ripe). J Agri Food Chem. 2010, 58: 4428-4433. 10.1021/jf9029578.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar